《语义关系》PPT课件

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1、SemanticRelationshipsbetweenChineseandEnglishWordsSemanticRelationshipsbetweenChineseandEnglishWords:1.SemanticCorrespondence2.SemanticInclusion3.SemanticIntersection4.ZeroofSemanticMeanings1.SemanticCorrespondence:回扣尾灯束紧腰带法人实体综合国力民族自尊知识产权commissiontaillighttotightenone

2、’sbeltlegalentityoverallstrengthofthecountrynationaldignityintellectualpropertyrights2.Semanticinclusion:风：wind,draughtE.g.Don’tsitinthedraughtoryou’llcatchcold.汽车：automobile(motor-car),bus,truck,minibus,taxi警察：policeman,constable,bobby,cop,smoky侮辱：abuse,insult,slander,

3、humiliate穿，戴－wear臂，膊－arm姑，婶，姨－aunt姐，妹－sister表兄弟，表姐妹－cousin车－vehicle,car,truck,lorry,cart,bus,taxi船－vessel,boat,ship,ferry,canoe门－door,gate,entrance酒－wine,liquor,spirit,beer,rum,gin,alcohol人－man,woman,person税Tax/Duty/Tariff/bond国税关税税率保税仓库区StatetaxesCustomsdutiesTariffrat

4、esBondedwarehousearea3.Semanticintersection:(汉英之间有部分语义性同，其他语义不同）骑马,骑自行车,骑马人,骑墙,骑墙派;torideahorse,torideabike,ahorserider,tositonthefence,afencesitter;torideinabus,ashipridingthewaves,awildgooseridingonthewind,乘公共汽车,一艘乘风破浪的船,一只御风飞行的雁粮油价格,粮油票,军粮grainandedibleoilprices,food

5、andedibleoilcoupons,armyprovisionsChinaNationalCereal,OilAndFoodstuffsImport&ExportCorporation中国粮油食品进出口总公司请买票,查票员,剪票员,普通客票,单程票,选票,支票Allfare(s),please.ticketexaminer,puncher,ordinaryticketaone-wayticketvotecheque/check治国,治家,治沙,治山治水,治愈战争的创伤,天下大治toadminister/governacountry

6、,tomanageahousehold,sand-control,totransformmountainsandtamerivers,tohealthewoundsofthewar,toachievegreatorderacrosstheland.4.Zeroofsemanticmeanings:粽子；／糖葫芦；／博士点，／硕士点Zongzi/ricedumpling/pyramid-shapeddumplingmadeofglutinousricewrappedinbambooorreedleavesTanghulu,asugar-

7、coatedfruitonthestickwhichisakindofchildren’sfavouritefoodinwinterdoctoralprogrammaster’sprogram要在不到十年中实现小康目标，任务是很艰难的，因为中国人口众多，底子薄，各地发展不平衡。GivenChina’shugepopulation,loweconomicstartinglevelandunevendevelopmentindifferentpartsofthecountry,arelativelycomfortablestandardo

8、flivingwillnotbeeasytoreachinlessthantenyears.对词汇空缺(lexicalgap)的处理：在目的语中无法找到对应词，所指物或事件的现象叫词汇空缺现象。词汇空缺现象是双方的文化和