《语境与语义》PPT课件.ppt

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1、ChapterEightMeaningandcontextMaincontents:1.definitionofcontext2.typesofcontexts3.rolesofcontext4.differencesbetweenambiguityandfuzzinessAimoflearningcontextandmeaning---learnhowtounderstandmeaningofwordsandsentencesaccordingtocontext---learnhowtouseEnglishlanguageprope

2、rlyindifferentcontext---improvecross-culturalcommunication1.definitionofcontextInanarrowsense:---lexicalitemsthatcomeimmediatelybeforeandafteranywordinanactofcommunication.(wholepassage,book)Inabroadsense:---entiresocialorculturalsetting---generalknowledgeabouttheworld-

3、--specificknowledgeaboutthesituationinwhichlinguisticcommunicationistakingplace.Meaningofaword---determinedbylinguistic/extralinguisticcontexts.2.typesofcontexts1)linguistic/intralinguisticcontext语言语境a.lexicalcontext词汇语境(collocation)---lexicalitemscombinedwithagivenpoly

4、semousword,e.g.:Theregulationismadetoprotectdogs.Ihopeyoucanmake10,000yuanamonth.b.grammaticalcontext语法语境---syntacticstructureofthecontextwhichdeterminesthemeaningofapolysemousword,e.g.:Iwillgethertodomyhomework.Thedaysaregettinghotter.2)extra-linguisticcontext言外语境situa

5、tionalcontextculturalcontexttheactualsituationinwhichcommunicationoccursthesocialandculturalbackgrounda.theactualspeechsituationItisadifficultoperation.Isthewindowopen?------------------------------------------------------A:Doyouwantsomecoffee?B:Coffeewouldkeepmeawake.b

6、.differentcultures,differentmeaningsanimal:foxdogmouserabbitchickenbattigerlion(lionheart)Dragon3.rolesofcontextA.eliminateambiguityambiguity:conditionwherebyanylinguisticformhastwoormoreinterpretations.ambiguitylexicalmetaphoricalstructurallexicalambiguity(causedbypoly

7、semant+homophones)A:I’dliketobuyabook.B:Somethinglight?A:Itdoesn’tmatter.Ihavemycarwithme.structuralambiguityIfoundherontheroof.a.IfoundherwhenIwasontheroof.b.Ifoundherwhenshewasontheroof.B.enablepeopletounderstandtheimpliedmeaningHusband:Thetelephoneisringing.Wife:Iami

8、nthebathroom.A:Doyoulikerice?B:IamaCantonese,youknow.C.enablepeopletounderstandthemeaningoftheomittedpartsa.Wh