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1、WILLIAMI.ROBINSONGlobalisation:ninethesesonourepochTheleftandprogressivesaroundtheworldarestrugglingtocometotermswiththefundamentaldynamicofourepoch:capitalistglobali-sation.Theglobalisationofcapitalism,andthetransnationalisationofsocial,politicalandculturalprocessesitentails,isth
2、eworld-historiccontextofdevelopmentsontheeveofthetwenty-firstcentury.Thedebateonglobalisationisbeingplayedoutintheacademy,andmoreimportantly,amongdiversesocialandpoliticalmovementsworldwide.Thesemovementshaverunupagainstglobalisingprocessesthatarereshapingtheveryterrainofsocialact
3、ion,includingthedeepconstraints,aswellasrealopportunities,thatthenewglobalenviron-mentpresentsforpopularchange.Inmyview,however,activistsandscholarsalikehavetendedtounderstatethesystemicnatureofthechangesinvolvedinglobalisation,whichisredefiningallthefundamentalreferencepointsofhu
4、mansocietyandsocialanalysis,and1requiresamodificationofallexistingparadigms.’Capitalistglobalisationdenotesaworldwar.Thiswarhasbeenbrewingforfourdecadesfollowingthesecondworldwar,concealedbehindawholesetofsecondarycontradictionstiedupwiththecoldwarandtheEast-Westconflict.Itwasincu
5、batedwiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesandthechangingfaceofproductionandoflabourinthecapitalistworld,andthehatchingoftransnationalcapitaloutofWilliamIRobinsonteachessociologyattheUmversityofTennesseeandisResearchAssociatewiththeCenterforInternationalStudiesoftheCentralAmericanUni
6、versityinManagua,Nicaragua.Heisauthorofanumberofbooks,mcludmgAFaustianBargainUSinterventionIntheNicaraguanelectionsandAmericanforeignpolicyInthepost-warera(Westmew,1992)andPromotmgPolyarchy.globalization,USintervention,andhegemony(CambridgeUniversityPress,1996)IRace&Class,38,2(199
7、6)14formernationalcapitalsintheNorth.Theopeningsalvosdatebacktotheearly1980s,when,asIarguebelow,classfractionsrepresentingtransnationalcapitalgainedeffectivecontrolofstateapparatusesintheNorthandsetabouttocapturetheseapparatusesintheSouth.Thiswarhasproceededwithtransnationalcapita
8、lbeingliberatedfromanyconstrainto