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1、ResponsetoMcMichael,Block,andGoldfrankWILLIAMI.ROBINSONUniversityofCaliforniaatSantaBarbaraItisattimesofrapidsocialtransformationthatthecognitiveandexplanatorylimitationsofourextantaccountsoftheworldareexposed.Socialtheoryemergedinthenineteenthcenturyasanintellectualout-cometoavast
2、processofsocioeconomicchangeandpoliticalupheaval.Wearecurrentlyinanotherperiodofmomentouschange.Itisinsuchtimesthatthewayforwardrequiresthatwe``gooutonalimb,''thatweadvancenoveltheoreticalandmacrosociologicalpropositions.Perchingonthesolidbranchesofestablishedparadigmswillgetusnowh
3、ere.Yetsuchpropositionsareunsettling,notjustbecausetheyhaveyettobe``fullycorroborated''and``properlyquali¢ed,''butalso,andprimarily,becausetheygoagainstthegrainofestablishedmodesofthinkingandthereforegeneratesti¡resistance.ThecommentsputforwardbyprofessorsPhilipMcMichael,FredBlock,
4、andWalterGoldfrankonmyessayontheriseofatransnationalstateraiseasmanylegitimateconcernsastheydomisrepresentationsofwhatIhavearguedandwhatappeartobestrawmen.Isay``appear''becauseIbelievewhatistakingplacehereisthattheoldparadigmsthemselvesareevokedtoassessthevalidityofthenovelproposit
5、ionsthatarechallengingtheveryunderlyingassumptionsandworldviewofthoseparadigms,whatwouldappearasaproblemofcommensurability.Nation-state-centrismisperhapsthemostdeeplyingrainedmodeofthought^or,touseCharlesTilly'sphrase,``perniciouspostulate''^ofthemodernera,giventhecentralityofthefo
6、rmationofthenation-stateandthesubsequentdynamicsoftheinter-statesystemstothewholehistoryofcapitalismandthemodernworldsystem.Thehistoricprocessoftheformationofthenation-stateandoftheinterstatesystemgaverisetodiverseandoftencon£ictingmacro-socialtheoriesandparadigms.Theseparadigmswer
7、enot``wrong''insofarastheycorrespondedtorealhistoricprocessesandstructuresandprovidedTheoryandSociety30:223^236,2001.ß2001KluwerAcademicPublishers.PrintedintheNetherlands.224coherentexplanationsoftheirlogicanddynamics.Butonceestablished,suchframeworksofthoughtbecomedeeplyetchedinth
8、ecognitiveprocessesofschol
