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1、Lecture8TranslationPartITechniquesandPrinciplesThereareinthemaineighttechniquesandprinciplesintranslation,eitherfromEnglishintoChineseorfromChineseintoEnglish.Theyare:diction,amplification,omission,conversion,inversion,negation,divisionandrepetition.DictionBy“
2、diction”wemeanproper“choiceofwords”intranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.RepetitionRepetitionisusefulchieflyforclearness,whichisofcoursethefirstqualitytobeacquiredinadiscourse.Secondly,wordsarerepeatedalsoforthesakeofemphasisorforce,which
3、isanotherimportantqualityinexpression.Lastly,repetitionwillgivelifetothediscourseandmakeitmoreattractive.AmplificationByamplificationwemeansupplyingnecessarywordsinourtranslationworktomaketheversioncorrectandclear,tomakeitappearmorelikethelanguagetranslatedint
4、o.Wordsthussuppliedmustbeindispensibleeithersyntacticallyorsemantically.Asamatterofprinciple,atranslatorisnotsupposedtoaddanymeaningtoorsubtractAmplificationanymeaningfromtheoriginalwork.However,thisdoesnotmeanthatatranslatorshouldrefrainfromsupplyingthenecess
5、arywordstomakehisversionbothaccurateinmeaningandinkeepingwiththeusageofthelanguagetobetranslatedinto.omissionNothingshowsgreaterdifferenceinsyntaxbetweenEnglishandChinesethantheomissionofwordsinthesentence.Whatisconsiderednecessary,indispensable,andevenacharac
6、teristicfeatureinonelanguagemaybedeemeduseless,superfluous,andevenastumblingblockinanother.conversionByconversionwemeanthatintranslationawordinonelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintooneofthesamepartofspeechinanotherlanguage.Wec
7、annottranslateEnglishmechanicallywordforwordintoChinese.Agoodtranslatorshouldtrybyallmeanstoreproducethethoughtoftheauthorfaithfullyinanotherlanguage,quitedisregardingthepartsofspeechofindividualwordssousedinhisversion.Inpracticaltranslationwork,wordsintheorig
8、inal,ifnecessary,maybeturnedintowordsidenticalinmeaningbutdifferentinpartofspeech,andthewordordermayalsobechanged.inversionByinversionintranslationwemeanthattheconstituentelementso