Chapter5 Infancy - Physical Develop

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1、Infancy:PhysicalDevelopmentPhysicalGrowthandDevelopmentSequencesofPhysicalDevelopmentCephalocaudalDevelopmentUpperpartoftheheadtothelowerpartsofthebodyProximodistalDevelopmentTrunkoutward–frombody’scentralaxistowardperipheryWhatPatternsofGrowthOccurinInfancy?Weig

2、htdoublesatabout5months;triplesbyfirstbirthdayHeightincreaseby50%infirstyearInfantsgrow4to6inchesinsecondyear;andgain4to7poundsGrowthappearscontinuousbutactuallyoccursinspurtsFigure5.1GrowthCurvesforWeightandHeightFigure5.2ChangesintheProportionsoftheBodyReflexes

3、ReflexesSimple,unlearnedstereotypicalresponses,elicitedbycertaintypesofstimulationSurvivalvs.PrimitiveSurvivalfunctionNeuralfunctioningisdeterminedbytestingreflexReflexesRootingBabyturnsheadandmouthtowardstimulusthatstrokesthecheek,chin,orcornerofmouthFacilitiesf

4、indingmother’snippleforsuckingSuckingBabieswillsuckalmostanyobjectthattouchesthelipsWillbecomereplacedbyvoluntarysuckingReflexesMoroorstartlereflexBackarches,legsandarmsareflungoutandthenbroughtbacktowardchestintoahuggingmotionWhenpositionissuddenlychangedorheada

5、ndnecksupportislostElicitedbyloudnoisesorbumpingthebabyGraspingorpalmarreflexUsingfourfingers,babiesgraspfingers/objectspressedagainstthepalmsoftheirhandsMostbabiescansupporttheirownweightReflexesSteppingreflexMimicswalkingwhenheldunderarmsUsuallydisappearsby3or4

6、monthsBabinskireflexFansorspreadstoesinresponsetostrokingfootUsuallydisappearsatendoffirstyearTonic-neckreflexWhilelyingonback,babyturnsheadtooneside.Armandlegonthatsideextend,whileoppositesideflex.SensationandPerceptionSensation:Stimulationofthesenseorgans.Perce

7、ption:Interpretationofthatstimulation.ProcessofintegratingdisjointedsensationsintomeaningfulpatternsthroughperceptionMeasuringSensation/PerceptionHabituation/DishabituationVisionVisualacuityatBirthEstimateof20/600Bestseeobjects7to9inchesfromeyesGreatestgainsinvis

8、ualacuitybetweenbirthand6monthsByabout3to5yearsofage,approximateadultlevelsNeonateshavepoorperipheralvision30degreeangle;By7weeksincreasesto45degrees;By6months