Chapter8&11 Early and Middle Childhood - Physical Develop

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1、Chapter8:EarlyChildhood:PhysicalDevelopmentChapter11:MiddleChildhood:PhysicalDevelopmentGrowthPatternsDevelopmentoftheBrainBrainDevelopmentDuringEarlyChildhoodRapidgrowthinweightduetomyelinationByage5–brainis90%ofadultweightVisualskillsImprovedattentionandvisualproc

2、essingskillsSpecializationofhemispheresLeft-brainedorRight-brainedLeft-brainedLogical,problemsolving,language,andmathematicalcomputationsRight-brainedVisual-spatialfunctions,recognitionoffaces,discriminationofcolor,aestheticandemotionalresponses,understandingmetaphors,a

3、ndcreativemathematicalreasoningFunctionsoverlapMyelinationofcorpuscallosum(Completebyaboutage8)BrainDevelopmentduringMiddleChildhoodBrainDevelopmentFrontallobe–executivefunctionsincreaseincapabilitiesPlanningandself-regulationCognitiveflexibilityGoalsettingFluidreasonin

4、gInformationprocessing“PlasticityoftheBrain”CompensatoryabilityGreatestplasticityat1to2yearsSomeplasticityhasbeenseenuptoAdolescenceOtherareasmayassumefunctionslosttoinjurySproutingGrowthofnewdendritesRedundancyofneuralconnectionsMotorDevelopmentMotorSkillsDevelopmentin

5、EarlyChildhoodGrossmotorskillsInvolvelargemusclesusedinlocomotionDifferencesingrossmotordevelopmentLittlesexdifferentiationMoreindividualdifferencesPhysicalactivityRoughandtumbleplayActivitylevelsGeneticandenvironmentalfactorsinteracttodetermineindividuallevelMotorSkill

6、sDevelopmentinEarlyChildhoodFinemotorskillsInvolvesmallmusclesusedinmanipulationandcoordinationProximodistaltrendaccountsforlaginfinemotorskillsChildren’sdrawingProgression–placement,shape,design,pictorialstagesFigure8.2TheTwentyBasicScribblesFigure8.3FourStagesinChildr

7、en’sDrawingsMotorDevelopmentinMiddleChildhoodGrossMotorSkillsIncreaseinbalance,coordination,andstrengthConnectionsbetweencerebellumandcortexbecomemyelinatedReactiontimegraduallyimprovesFineMotorSkillsTieshoesandholdpencilsasadultsdoSexDifferencesinMotorSkillsinMiddleChi

8、ldhoodBoysshowslightlygreateroverallstrengthMoreforearmstrength–battingandthrowingGirlsshowgreatercoordination