ch04_Physical Development in Infancy and Toddler

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1、DevelopmentThroughtheLifespanChapter4PhysicalDevelopmentinInfancyandToddlerhoodThismultimediaproductanditscontentsareprotectedundercopyrightlaw.Thefollowingareprohibitedbylaw:Anypublicperformanceordisplay,includingtransmissionofanyimageoveranetwork;Preparationofanyderivativework,includingthee

2、xtraction,inwholeorinpart,ofanyimages;Anyrental,lease,orlendingoftheprogram.Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2007BodyGrowthGain50%inheightfrombirthtoage1.75%byage2GrowinspurtsGain“babyfat”untilabout9months,thengetslimmerGirlsslightlyshorterandlighterthanboys.Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2007ChangesinBodyProporti

3、onsCopyright©Allyn&Bacon2007GrowthTrendsCephalocaudal“HeadtoTail”LowerpartofbodygrowslaterthantheheadProximodistal“Neartofar”Extremitiesgrowlaterthanhead,chest,andtrunkCopyright©Allyn&Bacon2007MajorMilestonesofBrainDevelopmentCopyright©Allyn&Bacon2007MethodsforMeasuringBrainFunctioningFuncti

4、onalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)Positronemmissiontomography(PET)Electroencephalogram(EEG)Event-relatedpotentials(ERPs)Copyright©Allyn&Bacon2007RegionsoftheCerebralCortexCopyright©Allyn&Bacon2007LateralizationofCerebralCortexLeftHemisphereSensoryinformationandcontrolofrightsideofbodyVerbalab

5、ilitiesPositiveemotionSequential,analyticalprocessingRightHemisphereSensoryinformationandcontrolofleftsideofbodySpatialabilitiesNegativeemotionHolistic,integrativeprocessingCopyright©Allyn&Bacon2007BrainPlasticityIninfantsandyoungchildren,partsofbrainarenotyetspecializedRecoverbetterfrombrain

6、injuryLanguagerecoversbetterthanspatialskillsStillhavesomeproblemswithcomplexmentalskillsOlderchildren,evenadults,havesomeplasticityCopyright©Allyn&Bacon2007SensitivePeriodsinBrainDevelopmentExperience-expectantgrowthOrdinaryexperiences“expected”bybraintogrownormallyExperience-dependentgrowt

7、hAdditionalgrowthasaresultofspecificlearningexperiencesStimulationisvitalwhenbrainisgrowingrapidlyCopyright©Allyn&Bacon2007EvidenceofSensitivePeriodsCopyright©Allyn&Bacon2007ChangingStatesofArousalSleepmovestoanadult-likenight-dayscheduleduri