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1、3LearningStrategiesLecture3CognitiveDevelopmentininfancyCognitiveDevelopmentininfancyMemoryduringinfancy:Theymustrememberthis…SimonYoungwasfatedtospendherinfancywithvirtuallynohumancontact.Forupto20hourseachday,shewasleftaloneinacribinasqualidRomanianorphanage.Coldbottlesofmildwerepr
2、oppedabovehersmallbody,whichshewouldclutchtogetnourishment.Shewouldrockbackandforth,rarelyfeelinganysoothingtouchorhearingwordsofcomfort.Aloneinherbleaksurroundings,shewouldrockbackandforthforhoursonend.Simona’sstory,however,hasahappyending.AfterbeingadoptedbyaCanadiancouplewhenshewa
3、stwo,Simona’slifeisnowfilledwiththeusualactivitiesofchildhoodinvolvingfriends,classmates,andaboveall,alovingfamily.Infact,nowatagesix,shecanrememberalmostnothingofhermiserablelifeintheorphanage.Itisasifshehasentirelyforgottenthepast.HowlikelyisitthatSimonatrulyremembersnothingofheri
4、nfancy?Andifsheeverdoesrecallherfirst2yearsoflife,howaccuratewillhermemoriesbe?Toanswerthesequestions,weneedtoconsiderthequalitiesofmemorythatexistduringinfancy.Memorycapabilitiesininfancy.Certainly,infantshavememorycapabilities,definedastheprocessbywhichinformationisinitiallyrecorde
5、d,stored,andretrieved.Aswe’veseen,theabilityofinfantstodistinguishnewstimulifromold,asillustratedbyhabituation,impliesthatsomememoryoftheoldmustbepresent.Unlesstheinfantshadsomememoryofanoriginalstimulus,itwouldbeimpossibleforthemtorecognizethatanewstimulusdifferedfromtheearlierone.H
6、owever,infants’capabilitytohabituateandshowotherbasicformsoflearningtellsuslittleabouthowagebringsaboutchangesinthecapacitiesofmemoryandinitsfundamentalnature.Doinfants’memorycapabilitiesincreaseastheygetolder?Theanswerisclearlyaffirmative.Inonestudy,infantsweretaughtthattheycouldmov
7、eamobilehangingoverthecribbykicking.Ittookonlyafewdaysfor2-month-oldinfantstoforgettheirtraining,but6-month-oldstillrememberedforaslongas3weeks.Furthermore,infantswhowerelaterpromptedtorecalltheassociationbetweenkickingandmovingthemobileshowedevidencethatthememorycontinuedtoexisteven
8、longer.Infan
