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1、Lecture11Infinitive(I)Englishverbshavethreenon-finiteforms:infinitive,-ingparticipleand-edparticiple.Inthepresentlecturewewillstartoffwiththeinfinitive.11.1FormsoftheinfinitiveGrammaticalformsTheinfinitivehasnotensedistinctions,norpersonornumbercontrasts・Buttheycanbepassiveandtaket
2、hesimple,progressive,perfectiveandperfectiveprogressiveforms.e.g.Hemadeuphisniindtosellthehouse.HeisbelievedtobelivinginMexico.人们认为他住在墨西哥。Heissaidtohavebeenapopularsinger.据说他已经是个很红的流行歌手。ThepresidentwasreportedtohavebeenflyingacrosstheAtlantic・Negativeinfinitive:notornevertodoe.g.Th
3、eydecidednottocallofftheplan.他们决定不取消这个计划。Trynottodisappointyourparents.请别让你的双亲失望。Shewishednevertoseehimagain.To-infinitiveandbareinfinitiveTherearetwotypesofinfinitive:to-infinitiveandbareinfinitive.Thefollowingisasummingupofthesituationsinwhichthebareinfinitiveisused:1)Senseverb+o
4、bject(feel,hear,see,watch,observe,listento,lookat,notice);causativeverb+objcct(lct,make,have)感觉动词后作宾补的不定式要省去toe.g.Ifeltthehouseshake.我感觉房子在颤动。Hisneighborobservedastrangergointohishouse.他的邻居看到有一个陌生人进入他的家。Haveyounoticedhercry?你有没有注意到她哭了？Hewon'thaveuscriticizehiswork.Note:变为被动语态时不能省去t
5、oHewasseentotakethemoney.有人看见他拿了钱。Hewasmadetoleaveschoolbyhisfather'sdeath.他父亲的去世使他不得不辍学。1)helpsb・doortodoe.g.Shehelpedme(to)hangthecurtains.她帮我挂窗帘。Thisbookcanhelpyou(to)arrangeyourtimescientifically.Note:变为被动语态时不能省去toTheboywashelpedbyawomantocollecthisscatteredcoins.那男孩由一个妇人帮他捡散乱一
6、地的硬币。2)Prep,except/but(to)doe.g・Idon^thaveanychoiceexcept(but)togiveuptheplan・Therewasnothingforthemtodobutremainsilent.除了保持沉默以外，他们没有别的办法。Ididnotknowwhattodowiththedyingcatexceptclaspittomybosom.对这只快要死去的猫，我除了把它紧抱在怀里，再不知该怎么办。3)LikewiseinsomeSVCconstructions,ifthesubjectcontainsaform
7、ofthemainverbdo,theinfinitiveinthecomplementmaybewithorwithoutto.当主语部分有实义动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略to,如没冇实义动词do,表语中的to不能省略。e.g.Whatwecandois(to)continuetowait.我们所能做的就是继续等待。Thethingforthemtodealwithis(to)managetoraiseenoughmoneyfortheproject.他们要应付的事情就是设法筹集到这项工程所需的足够的资金。4)cannotbut,canbut(=ca
8、nonly),cannothelpbut,can't
