师范大专《英语语法与写作》教案教案8被动语态ii

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1、Lecture8PassiveVoice(II)Thislectureisconcernedwiththeusesofpassivesentencesandtheexpressionofpassivemeanings・8.1UsesofpassivesentencesInthissectionwearegoingtodealwithcaseswherethepassiveisusedandtworelatedtypesofpassivesentences・Caseswherethepassiveisus

2、ed1)Thepassiveisusedwhenwearemoreinterestedintheeventitselfthanintheagent,e.g.Hundredsofpassengerswerekilledinthecrash.2)Thepassiveisusedwhentheagentisunknownorwhenwewishtomakeastatementsoundimpersonalperhapsoutofmodestyortactfulness.e.g.Thisbookwaspubli

3、shedinthe16thcentury.3)Thepassiveisusedandtheagentwith“by”isexpressedwhenwewishtostressthedoeroftheaction,e.g.Whoinventedthetelephone?〜ItwasinventedbyGrahamBell.4)ThepassiveisusedWhenthedoeroftheactiontakesquitealongmodifier,e.g.Thefifthgenerationcompute

4、rs,withartificialintelligencyarebeingdevelopedandperfectednow・被动语态使用的场合：一•动作的执行者很明显,不必指出,如：Therubbishhasn'tbeencollected；二.不知道或忘了谁是动作的执行者，如：Theministerwasmurdered；三.主语是"人们、大家、有人"等,如:Heissuspectedofreceivingstolengoods；四.用于突出动作的承受者或结果,如：Anewpubliclibraryi

5、sbeingbuilt；五.用在科技文章屮表示客观性和科学性，女口：Priceisdeterminedbytheinteractionoftwosetsofinfluences,thoseofdemandandsupply.六.有时为了心理学上的原因而选择使用被动态动词，说话人可能想表示他对自己所宣布的令人不愉快的事情不负责任，如：Employer:Overtimeratesarebeingreduced/willhavetobereduced.(雇主：加班工资将调低/将必须调低。)；Tworelate

6、dtypesofpassivesentencesThereisakindofactivesentencewhichmaybetransformedintotwopossiblepassiveforms..e.g.Peoplebelievethatheisill.—Itisbelievedthatheisill.(typeI)fHeisbelievedtobeill.(typeII)Thefollowingpossibilitiesshouldbenoted:1)Whenthepredicatorofth

7、ethat-clauseisawill-formorthepresentprogressivedenotingfuturity,theinfinitiveintypeIIgenerallytakestheprogressiveform.e.g.Itisthoughtthathewillcome.Itisthoughtthathewillbecoming.Itisthoughtthatheiscoming.fHeisthoughttobecoming.Itisexpectedthathewillcome.

8、〜Heisexpectedtocome.(expect,theinfinitiveusuallytakesthesimpleforminsteadoftheprogressive.)2)Whenthepredicatorofthethat-clauseisthesimplepresentdenotingpresenthabitualaction,theinfinitivetakesthesimpleform.e.g.Itisthoughtt