资源描述：
《师范大专《英语语法与写作》教案教案9、虚拟语气》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、Lecture9SubjunctiveMood9.0introductionTherearetwoformsofthesubjunctive:be-subjunctiveandwere-subjunctive.Thepresentlecturewilldwellontheusesofthesetwosubjunctiveforms一remnantsofOldEnglish一expressinghypotheticalandnon-factualmeanings-“虚拟式”传统译作“虚拟语气”，是表达“假设意义”(Hypotheticalmeanin
2、g)及其他“非事实意义”(nomfactualmeaning)的动词形式。必须指出，英语木身并没有这么复杂的“虚拟语气”。“虚拟语气”作为一个特殊动词形式，在现代英语屮已经濒于消失。英语残留下來的“虚拟语气”，实际上只剩下两种：即were-型虚拟式，和be-型熄拟式，而这些也还在变化中，were-型虚拟式现在常为陈述式was所取代。如：Eventhoughhewas/weremybrother,Iwouldcasthimoil匸Hetalksasifhewas/weremyuncle・IwishIwas/wereyoungagain.be-型虚拟式
3、现在仍常用于美国英语，而在英国英语屮，除仍用于法律文书外，通常'为should+不定式所取代。如：It?sagoodthingthatherecognizehisfaults.在英国英语中已属古旧,比较罕见，较常见的说法是：It'sagoodthingthatheshouldrecognizehisfaults.9」BE-subjunctiveThebc-subjunctivc,liketheimperative,isrealizedbythebaseformoftheverb・Whateverthepersonofthesubject,thepr
4、edicatorinvariablytakesthebaseform.Consequently,wheretheclausehasapluralsubject,thereisnormallynodistinctionbetweenindicativeandsubjunctiveforms,exceptfortheverbbe.Thesubjunctiveformofbeisbeforallpersons.Thebe-subjunctiveisused:Incertainthat-clausesThebe-subjunctiveiscommonlyu
5、sedinthat-clausestoexpressacommand,decision,suggestion,etc.thesethat-clausesusuallyoccur:1)aftersuchverbsasdecide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote,etc.e.g.Heorderedthatallthebooksbesentatonce・Weproposethatsomebodyneutraltake
6、thechair.1)aftersuchadjectivesasadvisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper,etc.e.g・Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.Itisnecessarythathecomebackwithoutdelay.2)aftersuchnounsasdecision,decree,demand,in
7、struction,order,requirement,resolution,etc.e.g.TheboardhasgiveninstructionsthattheagentflytoBoston.Wcwerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished・NoteThisuseofthebe-subjunctiveisquitecommoninformalstyle,especiallyinAmericanEnglish.Thissubjunctiveformcansometimesbereplacedby“sh
8、ould+infinitive^orto-infinitive.e.g.Heorderedthatthebooksbese
