语用学Chapter 2 Deixis and reference陈新仁何自然何伟

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1、ContentsI.TheencodingofcontextII.TypesandpropertiesofdeixisIII.Definitionofreference2Pleasenoticethosesentencese.g.I’llbehereagaininhalfanhour.e.g.保质期三个月。e.g.这个东西放在这儿，别放在那儿。3I.TheencodingofcontextAgeneralunderstanding：Somephysicalenvironmentorsetting(mainlyincludingtemporal-spatialdime

2、nsions)inwhichweproduceorcomprehendutterancese.g.这个东西放在这儿，别放在那儿。4Anothergeneralunderstanding:Someinvisiblesocialormentalfactors,especiallysocialdistance,powerrelations,encyclopedicknowledgeandexpectations,thataffecttheproductionorcomprehensionofcertainutterances•Tang：doyouknowNanjingwe

3、ll?•Wang:IhaveneverbeentoJiangsu.5Stillageneralunderstanding:Theprecedingutterance(s)and/orthefollowingone(s)whichmayformthelinguisticcontextorco-text•E.g.Iambusynow.Ican’tgooutwithyou.•Shakespearetakesupthewholebottomshelf.6Allshareabasicconception:Contextissomething"external"inthesen

4、sethatitisnotanintegralpartofthelanguagetobeinterpreted.7II.Typesandpropertiesofdeixis:1.Thestudyofdeixis:(1）thefirstareaofstudyinlinguisticpragmatics（2)In1954,theIsraeliphilosopherYehoshuaBar-Hillel(巴尔-希勒尔)wroteanarticleentitled"IndexicalExpressions".（3）oneofthecentraltopicsinpragmati

5、cs.82.Thedefinitionofdeixis:Deixis(ordeicticorindexicalexpressions):Greekwordmeaning“pointingto”or“pickingout”Theyderivepartoftheirmeaningfromtheircontextofutterance.Theirreferentsareidentifiableonlyinthecontextconcerned.93.Deicticitems1.Pronouns2.Demonstratives(指示形容词）3.Timeandplaceadv

6、erbs.4.Somegrammaticalcategories,suchastense.104.Propertiesofdeixis(1)Deicticexpressionscanbeusedgesturally.e.g.Putthepianohere,no,nothere,buthere.11(2)Deicticexpressionscanbeusedsymbolically.e.g.Youcancomewithmeifyoulike.12(3)Deixisischaracterizedbyegocentricity.Deicticexpressionsarea

7、nchoredtospecificpointsinthecommunicativeevent.Thesepointsarecalleddeicticcenters.13Deicticcenters:(1)Thecenterpersonisthespeaker.(2)Thecentertimeisthetimeatwhichthespeakerproducestheutterance.(3）Thecenterplaceisthespeaker’slocationatutterancetime.14(4)Thesocialcenteristhespeaker’sso