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1、ChapterIIIDEixis1.Debby:Goanywheretoday?2.Dan:Yes,wewentdowntoComo.Upbybus,backbyhydrofoil.3.Debby:Anythingtoseethere?4.Dan:PerhapsnotthemostinterestingofItaliantowns,butit’sworththetrip.5.Debby:ImightdothatnextSaturday.6.Jane:Whatdoyoumeanwhenyousayperhapsnott
2、hemostinterestingofItaliantowns7.Jack:Hemeanscertainlynotthemostinteresting…8.Dan:Justtryingtobepolitely…1996willbeayearofprosperityandpeace.Iaskedher:“Areyouplanningtobeherethisevening?”Iaskedherifshewasplanningtobetherethatevening.Thisthrustputthetwolieutenan
3、tstosilencebutHeronwentonInanycaseByronwashereticandimmortaltoo.Idon’tcarewhathewas,criedStephenhotly.Youdon’tcarewhetherhewasahereticornot?SaidNash.Whatdoyouknowaboutit?ShoutedStephen.YouneverreadalineofanythinginyourlifeexceptatransorBolandeither.IknowthatByr
4、onwasabadman,saidBoland.Here,catchholdofthisheretic,Heroncalledout.InamomentStephenwasaprisoner.Tatemadeyoubuckuptheotherday,Heronwenton,aboutheresyinyouressay.Iwilltellhimtomorrow,saidBoland.Willyou?SaidStephen.You’dbeafraidtoopenyourmouth.Afraid?Ay.Afraidofyo
5、urlife.Behaveyourself?CriedHeron,cuttingatStephen’slegswithhiscane.ReferenceandInferenceSenseandreferenceReferentialandattributiveusesNamesandreferentsTheroleofco-textAnaphoricreferenceSenseandreferenceThesenseisthe"cognitivesignificance"or"modeofpresentation"o
6、fthereferent.Thesenseofapropernameiswhatevermeaningithas,whenthereisnoobjecttobeindicated.Thereferenceistheobjectthattheexpressionrefersto.Thereference(orreferent)ofapropernameistheobjectitmeansorindicates.SenseandreferenceAhorseisafour-leggedsolid-hoofedanimal
7、withflowingmaneandtail,usedfromearlytimestocarryloads,forriding,etc.Myhorseiswhite.Unicorns,centaurs,goblins,dragons,phoenix,…SenseandreferenceInpragmaticsense,wemightthinkofreferenceasanactinwhichaspeaker,orwriter,useslinguisticformstoenablealistenerorreader,t
8、oidentifysomething.Thoselinguisticformsarereferringexpressions,whichcanbe:Propernouns:Shakespeare,CathyRevuelto,Hawaii,….Nounphrases:theauthor,thesinger,theisland,…oraman,aw
