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1、Figuresofspeechareformsofexpressionthatdepartfromnormalwordorsentenceorderorfromthecommonliteralmeaningsofwords,forthepuiposeofachievingaspecialeffect.Ineverydayspeechandwritingandinliteraturethechieffunctionsoffiguresofspeechareprobablytoembellish,toemphasizeortoclarify.Theyareusedtogivetoneora
2、tmospheretodiscourse,toprovidevividexamples,tostimulatethoughtbystartlingthereaderorlistener,togivelifetoinanimateobjects,toamuse,ortoornament.Figuresofspeechexistinalmostendlessvarietyandmanyarecloselyrelatedorintricatelyoverlap,hencenocompletelysatisfactorysystemofclassificationhaseverbeendevi
3、sed.Thefollowingmaybeconsideredoneoftheserviceableclassificationsofthepresentday:1.Figuresofresemblanceorrelationship.Thesearethemostimportant,interesting,andfrequentfiguresofspeech.2.Figuresofemphasisorunderstatement.Thechieffunctionoftheseistodrawattentiontoanidea.3.Figuresofsound.4.Verbalgame
4、sandgymnastics.Someofthesearerareandminorfigures.1.Figuresofresemblanceorrelationship1)Simile:afigurethatinvolvesanexpressedcomparison,almostalwaysintroducedbytheword"like”or"as”.Thetwothingscomparedmustbedissimilarandthebasisofresemblanceisusuallyanabstractquality.a)Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,s
5、oisgoodnewsfromafarcounty.(Proverb)b)Thewaterlaygrayandwrinkledlikeanelephant'sskin.(NancyHale)c)Myverythoughtswereliketheghostlyrustleofdeadleaves・(JosephConrad)1)Metaphor:Thesubstitutionofonethingforanother,ortheidentificationoftwothingsfromdifferentrangesofthought.Itisoftenlooselydefinedas“an
6、impliedcomparison^,“asimilewithout'like'or“as".Metaphorisconsideredbymanythemostimportantandbasicpoeticfigureandalsothecommonestandthemostbeautiful.a)Boysandgirls,tumblinginthestreetsandplaying,weremovingjewels.b)Thetownwasstormedafteralongsiege.c)Snowclothestheground・d)Heswambravelyagainsttheti
7、deofpopularapplause・句法、结构上看隐语：名词性、动词性、形容词性、副词性、介词性e.g.l.名词性Iamanalbumofsnapshots,random,awholeshowoftrailers剧照ofoldfilms.(表语)1.动i司‘性shedidnotsomuchcookasassassinatefood・Itescapes/strikes/upsetsme.(物质过程代心理过程)Idon'tthinkFmdist
