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1、(-)名词解释题1.non・finiteclauses:Thenon-finiteclausesaretheonesthatleavesubjectsunsaidandverbsinnon-finiteforms.2.complexsentence:Thecomplexsentenceisasentencethatcontainsmorethanoneclausethatarejoinedtogetherbysubordinatingonetoanother.3・statements:Statementsintheformofsimp
2、lesentencesarethefoundationstoneofalltheEnglishsentences.Theirprimaryfunctionistoconveyinformation,inapositivewayorinanegativeway.Therearetwomajortypesofstatementsonapolarity—positivestatementsandnegativestatenients.4.non・assertion^non-assertivesentenceiseitheraninterro
3、gativesentenceoranegativesentence.ltisassociatedtonon-assertivewordsandnegativewords・5.semi-negatives:Semi-negativesrefertowordswhicharenegativeinmeaningbutnotinappearance.Theyincludeseldom,rarely,hardly,barelyjittle,few,etc.Theirsimilaritiestotheordinarynegativeitemsar
4、esuchthattheyarcfollowedbyassertiveratherthanassertivewordsandthattheyarcfollowedbypositiveratherthannegativetagquestions.6.transferrednegation:Transferrednegationreferstotheshiftofnegationfromthesubordinateclause,whereitsenmanticallybelongs,tothemainclause.ltnormallyoc
5、curswithsuchverbsasthink,believe,supposeJmagineandcxpcct,thatis.vcrbsthatexpress"opinion"・7・WH・questions:ThcycoverallquestionsthatnormallybeginwithWH-scricsofword,i.e.what,when,where,why,who?whose,whichandhow.Spokenwithafinalfallingtonejheyaresometimescalled“information
6、questions”becausetheyrequiresomespecificinformationinthereply.Ratherjheyaskfordetailsaboutapartofit.8.alternativequestions:Theyfallintotwosubclasses:oneisfomedonthebasisofYES-NOquestions;theotheronthebasisofWH・questions.Theysuggesttwoalternativesandusuallyimplythatoneof
7、themcouldbetrue.Theyexpectoneofthesuggestedanswers.9.commands:Commandsarealsocalleddirectives.ltisusedbythespeakerorwriterwhentheyintendtogetthingsdone.Theytypicallylaketheformofanimperativesentenceandthemainverbinanimperativesentencetakesthebaseformandthesentencegenera
8、llygoeswithoutasubject.10.How・cxclamations:Thisexclamationisintroducedbyhow.“How"isanadverb.lthighlightstheadj
