英汉对比翻译

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1、LECTURE1Part1NativeLanguageTransferinFLLearning:InterferenceorFacilitation?外语学习中的母语迁移：干扰还是促进？Therearetwotypesoftransfer:NegativeTransferandPositiveTransfer.KeenawarenessofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwolanguagescanfacilitateFLlearning.ThecausesofInterferenceinNeg

2、ativeTransfer:·analogicaluseofone’spriorknowledgeofthemothertongue母语先知结构的类推运用·scantyknowledgeofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages对两种语言的差异所知甚少·unconsciousfallingbackonthemothertonguespeechhabit不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯ExamplesofNegativeTransfer:①Phonologicaltransfer(语音迁移)Thesound/n/doesn

3、otexistinsomeChinesedialectsand/l/servesasasubstitute.Thewriterlikeswritingatlight(night).②Morphologicaltransfer（词形迁移）NeithernounsnorverbshaveinflectionsinChinese.Heonlyeattwomealaday.③Collocationtransfer(搭配迁移)Thenounrenkou,theChineseequivalentof‘population’,canhaveanumeric

4、alpre-modifier.Shanghaiissaidtohavethirteenmillionpopulation.④Syntacticaltransfer(句型迁移)Theverbjianyi,theChineseequivalentof‘suggest’,canbeusedinVOCpatterninChinese.Hesuggestedmetoacceptthisoffer.⑤Pragmatictransfer(语用迁移)ThenegativereplytoacomplimentisconsideredinChineseasmod

5、estandcourteous.--YourEnglishiswonderful.--No,no.MyEnglishisstillpoor.PartTwoAContrastiveStudyofEnglishandChinese英汉语对比研究ContrastBetweenEnglishandChineseChinese:·Meaning-focusedwithemphasisonimplicitcoherence(隐性连贯)·left-extending,heavy-headedlikealion·movingpointofsight·bamb

6、oo-likesentencestructurewithdifferentsectionslinkedandyetseparated（竹式结构）·Topic-CommentSentenceStructure·Orderoflinguisticelements:relativelyfixedlikebamboo-making（制竹）（语序相对固定）English:·Form-focusedwithemphasisonexplicitcohesion（显性联接）·English:right-extendingheavy-tailedlikeape

7、acockfixedpointofsight·tree-likesentencestructurewithdifferentpartsconnectedlikebranchesandsub-branchestothetrunkline.（树式结构）·Subject-PredicateSentenceStructure·Orderoflinguisticelements:relativelyflexiblelikeblock-building（积木）（语序相对灵活）Example:Chinese:bamboo-likesentencestruc

8、ture（竹式结构）Thechunksofasentenceseemtobeconnectedandyetseparated,likesectionsofabamb