Harvard referencing system

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1、HarvardsystemIn-textreferences,referencelistsandbibliographiesRevisededitionbasedontheAustralianGovernmentstyleguide:ContentsDefinitionsIntroductionStepstoreferencingOrganisingabibliographyorreferencelistIn-textreferencesReferencelistsandbibliographiesElectron

2、icresourcesStandardabbreviationsusedinreferencingDefinitionsAnnotatedbibliography:abibliographyinwhicheachcitationisaccompaniedbyanotethatdescribes,explainsorevaluatesthepublicationreferredto.Annotationsmaycoversuchcharacteristicsasscope,level,bias,style,relev

3、anceandcredibility.DefinitionsBibliographyalistofbooks,articlesandothersourcesofinformationhavingsomerelationshiptoeachother—usuallythosewhichyouhaveconsultedandfoundusefulinyourresearch.Itmayincludeitemswhichyouhavenotreferredtodirectlyinthetextofyouressayorr

4、eport.DefinitionsCitationformaldescriptionofabook,articleorotherinformationsourcecontainingalldetailsessentialforcorrectidentificationoftheitem.Sometimescalleda‘reference’bytheHarvardsystem.Abbreviatedcitationsareusedforin-textreferences.DefinitionsEndnotelike

5、afootnote,butplacedattheendoftheessay,reportorchapter.DefinitionsFootnoteanoteplacedatthebottomofapageonwhichareferenceorcitationoccursinthetext.Anumberisplacedinthetexttoindicatethecitedworkandagainatthebottomofthesamepageinfrontofthefootnote.IntheHarvardsyst

6、emfootnotesmaybeusedforexplanatoryadditionstothemaintextbutarenotusedtogivebibliographicinformation.IntheFootnote/endnotesystem,footnotesareusedtoacknowledgethesourcesofspecificpiecesofinformation,bothdirectquotationsfromthesourceorstatementsinyourownwordsthat

7、paraphrasetheauthor’sideas.DefinitionsIn-textreferenceusedintheHarvardsystemtogiveabriefacknowledgmentofthesourceofaspecificpieceofinformationwithinthemaintextofanessayorreport.Itmaybeplacedinbracketsimmediatelyfollowingtherelevantpassage,orfullyintegratedinto

8、thetext.In-textreferencesmustbeaccompaniedbyareferencelistgivingcompletedetailsoftheworkscited.DefinitionsPeriodicalspublicationsthatareproducedatregularintervals,suchasmagazines,j