Brief_Guide_to_Harvard_Referencing

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1、UniversityofLiverpoolLibraryBriefGuidetoReferencingwithHarvardWhyshouldyoureference?•Referencingyoursourcematerialgivesauthoritytoyourwork,strengthensyourargumentanddemonstratesthebreadthofyourresearch.•Acompletebibliographywillenablethereadertofindyoursourcesofinformationthemselvesandallowthemt

2、overifyyourdata.•Failuretocorrectlyciteandcreditsourcesofinformationusedwithinyourworkconstitutesplagiarismandisaseriousoffenceofacademicmisconduct.Toavoidaccusationsofplagiarismalwaysremembertostatewithinyourownworkwhenyouareusingsomeoneelse’sexamples.ThisguidegivesadviceonreferencingusingtheHa

3、rvardSystem.ThisisthepreferredreferencingsystemformanyofthedepartmentsattheUniversityofLiverpool.Therearenumerousdifferenttypesofreferencingsystemsavailableanditisadvisedthatyouchooseonesystemandstickwithittoensureconsistencythroughoutyourwork.TherearetwokeyelementstotheHarvardSystem:•Citingwith

4、inthetextofyourwork–youneedtoacknowledgewithinyourtextthesourcesyouhaveused.•Completebibliographiccitations–youneedtogivecompletedetailsforthesourcesyouhaveused.Theseshouldbeincludedasanalphabeticallistattheendofyourwork.Thisreferencelistisknownasabibliography.Part1:Citingwithinthetext•Whenevery

5、ourefertoanotherperson’sworkwithinyourownworkthenyoumustincludeareferencetoshowwhereyouhavefoundthisinformation.•Whereverinthetextyourefertoaparticularsourcethenincludetheauthor’ssurnameandtheyearofpublicationandalsoanypagenumbersifyouarequotingfromaspecificpage.•Ifaworkyouarecitinghasmorethan3a

6、uthorsgiveonlythefirstauthorssurnameandinitialsfollowedbyetal.•Ifyoustatetheauthorsnamewithinyourworkthenjustincludethedateofpublicationtoindicatetheworkbeingcited.Tocitewithinthetextofyourwork:Artificialintelligencecanbedefinedasthescienceofmakingmachinesdothingsthatwouldrequireintelligenceifdo

7、nebymen(Minsky,1968).AccordingtoStriver(2001)allaspectsofrationalthoughtshouldbeconsideredtoinvolvesomedegreeofexperimentation.1Part2:FullbibliographiccitationsYoumustincludeallthereferencesyoumakethroughoutapieceofworkinabi