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1、多项选择：1.RomanJakobson’stripartiteclassification:intralingualtranslation(rewording),interlingualtranslation(translationproper),andintersemiotictranslation(transmutation)2.texttypes:technical,institutional,literarytranslation3.outlineofmajortheoriesoftranslation:(1)Chronologically(bythetimeofthe
2、irbirthoroccurrence):thephilological,hermeneutic,linguistic,communicative,sociosemiotic,skopos,manipulative,norm,post-structuralist,postcolonial(2)topologically(bytheparticularapproachadoptedorfocusdirectedbytheirproponents):theirapproachestotranslationmaybegroupedintothephilological,linguist
3、ic,functionalist,semiotic,cultural,philosophical.重要概念：1.translationstudies:(1).Thepaper“thenameandnatureoftranslationstudies”writtenbyJamesHolmesin1988,marksthebirthofthedisciplineofTS.Thedescriptivebranch:product,process,function-orientedThetheoreticalbranch:general&partialwhichincludesmediu
4、m,area,rank,texttype,time,andproblemrestrictedTheappliedbranch:translationaids,trainingandcriticismNote:thoughbeinglucidandinspiringinhistheory,itshallbenotedthatdescriptionandtheorizingareusuallyinseparablefromeachotherinresearch.(2).TheinternalstudiesandexternalstudiesTheinternalstudies:the
5、theoreticalbranchtakesasitsobjectsofstudythenature,principles,andproceduresoftranslation;theappliedbranchincludestranslationpractice(textanalysisandgenretranslation),Tcriticism,andthetrainingoftranslators,developmentofthetranslationprofession.Specifically,translationpracticeincludestextanalys
6、isandgenretranslation,andtheformercoverssuchareasofresearchas:sourcetextanalysis,comparisonoftranslations&theirsourcetexts,comparisonoftranslationsandnon-translatedtexts(comparabletexts),translationwithcommentary;whilethegenretranslationcoverstextslikedrama,poetry,prosefiction,religioustext,t
7、ourismtexts,andmultimediatexts.TheexternaltranslationstudiesarethederivedorborderlinepartsofTS,coveringareaswheretheinternalTSinteractormarrywithotherdisciplines,suchashistory,sociology,culturalanthropology,philosophy,linguistics,psychology,t
