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1、英汉翻译绪论，翻译史，翻译的标准、过程及对译者的要求1)WhatisTranslation？TrytotranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,makesurethatyourversionsarelogicalandcolloquial.1)Thisistheofficialkindofstrike.2)Themachineisinrepair.1)这是由工会组织的罢工。/这次罢工是由工会组织的。2)机器修好了。inrepair=ingoodrepair;正在修理=underrepairi
2、ng3)Don’tcoughmorethanyoucanhelp.4)IwishIcouldbringyoutoseemypoint.3)除非忍不住，尽量不要咳嗽。Ican’thelpit.我无能为力/我没有办法。4）我怎么跟你说不明白呢？HowtoFat-proofYourChild?--Whatkindofmoneydoesagirllikebest?--Matrimony.AblewasIereIsawElba.--Whatflowerdoeseverybodyhave?--Tulips.Canyoutranslatethef
3、ollowingsentencesintoChinese?Makesurethatyourreadersmayunderstandandappreciatewhatyouhavetranslated.如何让你的孩子防“胖”于未然？女孩最爱什么“财”？——郎才。女孩最爱什么钱？——礼钱。女孩最爱什么钱？——美元（缘）不到俄岛我不倒。落败孤岛孤败落。(tulips=twolips)什么样的花人人都有啊？——泪花。英语动词translate源自拉丁词translatus，而translatus又是transferre的过去分词。在拉丁语里
4、，transferre的意思是carry或transport，指的是背负物件将其转移到另一地方。词根trans本身含有时空变迁的意思，而ferre除了“负重”与“搬运”的意思外，还有endure与suffer的含义。Etymologically,“translate”isderivedfromtheLatinwordtranslatus,“carriedover.”Translatusisthepastparticipleoftransferre.Ifdividedintotransandferre,wecanseetheproxi
5、mityofthewordtodiaandpeherein.TheLatintermferremeans“tocarry”or“totransport”asincarryingashield,andwasoftenusedtomeantobearorconveywiththenotionofmotion（Homer）,asinshipsbornebytheforcesofwind.Ifalsomeanttoendure,tosuffer,asintobearamentalburden…(Gentzler,2001:166)Itiss
6、ometimessaidthatthereisnotaskmorecomplexthantranslation—aclaimthatcanbereadilybelievedwhenallthevariablesinvolvedaretakenintoaccount.Translatorsnotonlyneedtoknowtheirsourcelanguagewell;theymustalsohaveathoroughunderstandingofthefieldofknowledgecoveredbythesourcetext,an
7、dofanysocial,cultural,oremotionalconnotationsthatneedtobespecifiedinthetargetlanguageiftheintendedeffectistobeconveyed.Thesamespecialawarenessneedstobepresentforthetargetlanguage,sothatpointsofspecialphrasing,local(e.g.regional)expectations,andsoon,canallbetakenintoacc
8、ount.Definitionsofpropertranslatingarealmostnumerousandvariedasthepersonswhohaveundertakentodiscussthesubject.Thisdiv
