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1、GovernmentandAdministration:ParadoxesofPolicyPerformanceBYANDREWGRAYANDBILLJENKINSBARBARACastle,aprominentmemberofpastLabourgovernments,diedinMay2002attheageof91.Latterly,shehadappearedverymuchasOldLabour,especiallyatpartyconferenceswhereshelikedtopokeherfingerattheNewLabourleadershipandsoakupra
2、ptur-ousapplausefromthepartyfaithful.OneobituarynotedthatevenNewLabourlovesoldLabouraslongasitisveryold(Independent,4.5.02).Maybe,butshemorethanmostknewthetensionsofbeinginaLabouradministration.Specifically,asSecretaryforEmploymentandProductivityinthelate1960s,sheherselfhadstruggledwiththepullof
3、traditionalsectionalinterestsandthepushofmodernisinggovernment.Meanwhile,NewLabourcelebratedfiveyearsofbeingbackinpower.Thisgavecommentatorsachancetoconductanaudit.Asexpected,thejurysplitwithcreditofferedforeconomicperformanceanddoubtexpressedovertheimplementationofmuch-trumpetedpub-licservicere
4、forms.PeterMandelson,oneofthearchitectsofthe1997agendabutnowonthebackbenches,claimedNewLaboursgreatestachievementwastherebuildingoftrustbetweenitselfandthepublicbyturningitselfintoapartyofthemodernandthefuture.1Heattributedtheachievementinparttoinitiativesasdiverseasempoweringconsti-tutionalref
5、ormandpublicserviceinvestmentanddelivery.Yetthepartyhadfailedtoconnectpoliticalmodernisationwithlocalpoliticsandsociety;whilealackofvisionanddirectionhadcombinedwithareputationforcontrolfreakeryandcentralistmicro-managementtodevelopachasmofperceptionsbetweengovernmentandthepublic.Othercommentat
6、orsacknowledgedthatLaboursprudenteconomicapproachhadproducedaclimateoffiscalandmonetarystabilityeventhoughthishadinitiallyheldbackpublicserviceinvestment.Somethoughtthatinareassuchashealththerehadbeentoomanyheroicpromisesandtoomuchcommandandcontrol(Guardian,27.4.02).AndWilliamHague,formerleadero
7、ftheConservativeParty,arguedthatwhilethePrimeMinistersskillslayinbroaddirection,ambiguityanduseoflanguage,theskillsrequiredtoturnaroundvastorganisa-tionswereadministrative,operationalandlocal,requiringintenseatten-tiontodetail:rhe
