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1、《中国古代社会与文化综合教程》1-5单元翻译练习Unit11.Inancienttimes,thefourcornersoftheskycollapsedandtheworldwithitsnineregionssplitopen.Theskycouldnotcoverthewholeearth,norcouldtheearthcarryallthethingsonit.Agreatfireragedandwouldnotdieout;afiercefloodracedaboutandcouldnotbechecked.Savagebeastsdevour
2、edinnocentpeople.ThenNuwameltedrocksoffivecolorstomendthecracksinthesky.Shesupportedthefourcornersoftheskywiththelegsshehadcutofffromagiantturtle.Shekilledtheblackdragontosavethepeopleandblockedthefloodwiththeashesofreeds.Nuwa’sdeedsbenefitedtheheavensaboveandtheEarthbelow.Hername
3、wasrememberedbylatergenerations.远古时代，四根擎天大柱倾倒，九州大地裂毁，天不能覆盖整个大地，大地也无法承载万物，大火蔓延不熄，洪水泛滥不止，猛兽吞食善良的百姓。这时，女娲冶炼五色石来修补苍天裂隙。她砍断海中巨鳌的脚来做撑起四方的天柱，杀死黑龙来拯救百姓，堆积芦灰以抵御洪水。女娲的丰功伟绩，造福上天和大地，名声流传后世。（145words）2.Accordingtolegend,FuxiwasborninthewestpartofChina.Hewascarriedinhismother’swombfortwelveyear
4、sbeforebirth.Hetaughtpeoplehowtohunt,fish,tameanimalsandbreedtheirfowls.Healsotaughtpeoplehowtosplitwood,kindle/lightafireandcookfood.HedevisedtheEightTrigrams,whichwasbaseduponmarkingsontortoiseshells.Thesetrigramsservedasthebasisforlaterdevelopmentofmathematics,medicine,divinati
5、onandgeomancy.Furthermore,hecreatedtheChinesedragonasthetotemofthenationandhewasconsideredasthefirstrealruler根据传说，伏羲生于中国西部，出生之前在其母腹中孕育了12年。伏羲教会了人类打猎、捕鱼、驯养野兽、饲养家禽。伏羲还教会人们劈柴取火和烹煮食物；他还通过龟背上的裂纹创立了八卦(EightTrigrams)，这些八卦成为数学、医学、占卜学(divination)和风水(geomancy)的基础。此外，伏羲创造了中华民族的图腾(totem)龙，他被认
6、为是中国历史上第一个真正的统治者。（149words）Unit21.Confucianismisbasicallyahumanisticsystemfocusingonhumanbeingsandthesocialstructure,whileTaoismadvocatesbeingnaturalandlivinginharmonywiththeTao.RegardlessofthedisagreementsbetweenLao-tzuandConfucius,TaoismandConfucianismsharecommonbeliefsaboutman,
7、society,andtheuniverse,althoughthesenotionswerearoundlongbeforeeitherphilosophy.ConfucianismandTaoismhaveexistedsimultaneouslyinChinaforwellover2,000years,servingasspiritualguidesandleadingChinathroughthepeaksandvalleysofitsvasthistory.Bothlatertookonreligiousovertones.儒家思想基本上是一个人
8、文体系，注重人和社会结构，而道家则提倡自然，与道和谐共处。尽管老子
