【英语教学法课件】Unit 9 Teaching listening

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1、Unit9TeachingListeningWarmingupquestionsWhatareourproblemsinlisteninginEnglish?DoyouthinklisteningisverydifficultforEnglishlearnersinChina?Howdomostteachersteachlistening?Whatdoyouthinkofthiskindofeaching?ThefocusfortodayWhatmakeslisteningsodifficult?Whatd

2、owelistentoinoureverydaylife?Whatarethecharacteristicsofthelisteningprocess?Howdopeopleprocessinformationinlisteningcomprehension?Whataretheprinciplesforteachinglistening?Howcanweteachlisteningeffectively?TextbookPP136-137Whatmakeslisteningsodifficult?inte

3、rviewsinstructionsradionewsloudspeakerannouncementstheatreshowstelephonechatscommitteemeetingsshoppinglessonslecturesconversationsgossipswatchingtelevisionstory-telling(Ur,1996:105)II.Whatdowelistentoinoureverydaylife?III.Characteristicsofthelisteningproce

4、ssInformal&spontaneousdiscourseListenerexpectationandpurposeLookingaswellaslisteningOngoing,purposefullistenerresponseSpeakerattention(TextbookP139)IV.HowdopeopleprocessinformationinlisteningcomprehensionBottom-upprocessingTop-downprocessingPP143-144Bottom

5、-upprocessingproceedsfromsoundstowordstogrammaticalrelationshipstolexicalmeanings,etc.toafinal‘message’.Theprocessofcomprehensionbeginswiththemessagereceived,whichisanalyzedatsuccessivelevelsofsounds,words,clauses,andsentences,untiltheintendedmeaningisarri

6、vedat.Comprehensionisthusviewedasaprocessofdecoding.Examples:ScanningtheinputtoidentifyfamiliarlexicalitemsSegmentingthestreamofspeechintoconstituents–e.g.“abookofmine”consisitsoffourwordsUsingphonologicalcuestoidentifytheinformationfocusinanutteranceUsing

7、grammaticalcuestoorganizetheinputintoconstituents–forexample,“thebookwhichIlentyou”→[thebook][whichIlentyou]Top-downprocessingreferstotheuseofbackgroundknowledgeinunderstandingthemeaningofamessage.Top-downtechniquesaremoreconcernedwiththeactivationofschema

8、ta,withderivingmeaning,withglobalunderstanding,andwiththeinterpretationofatext.(PP143-144)(PP184-185)e.g.ifanadultwasseatedonaparkbenchreadingaloudfromabooktoagroupofenthralled(着迷的)youngchildren,anobserverwou