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1、JournalofManagementStudies44:6September2007doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00692.xUnderstandingTopManagementandOrganizationalChangeThroughDemographicandProcessualAnalysis*EdClarkandAnnaSoulsbySchoolofManagement,RoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondon;NottinghamUniversi
2、tyBusinessSchoolabstractTopmanagementtheoryhasbeenstronglyinßuencedbydemographicstudiesoftopmanagementteams(TMTs),butnotbyresearchintoorganizationaladaptationtoconditionsofextremeinstitutionalturbulence.Thisarticleanalysesthetransformationofapost-socialistent
3、erprisethroughacombinationofdemographicandprocessualmethodstodevelopanenrichedaccountofthemicro-processesthroughwhichtopmanagementconstructedorganizationalchange.Addinglayersofnarrativedataandprocessualexplanationdirectlyaddressesthewellrehearsedproblemsindem
4、ographicTMTstudies.FromtheÞndings,weproposeasetoftheoreticalargumentsthatconceptualizestopmanagementintermsofmanagementregimes,towhichTMTsarepoliticallytiedandthroughwhichtheyseektorealizetheirvaluesandstrategiesinorganizationaloutcomes.INTRODUCTIONThisarticl
5、econsidershowseniormanagementinßuencesorganizationalchangeinÞrmsoperatingwithinturbulentinstitutionalenvironments.Organizationsneedtoadjustinternallyinrelationtotheirexternalenvironment(BurnsandStalker,1961;LawrenceandLorsch,1967),thoughsuchadjustmentmaybelim
6、itedbyinertialtendencies(MillerandFriesen,1984;TushmanandRomanelli,1985)andmediatedbytheexerciseofmanagementdiscretion(Child,1972).Theadaptationofstate-ownedenterprises(SOEs)throughstrategicchangeandrestructuringtotheinstitutionalupheavalwroughtbythecollapseo
7、fstatesocialismprovidesoneofthemostvividcasesoforganizationalchange(CarlinandLandesmann,1997;Frydmanetal.,1993;Newman,2000),thoughthistopichasrarelybeenexaminedthroughatopmanagementlens.HambrickandMasonÕs(1984)proposalsforaresearchagendatoinvestigatetheorgani
8、zationÕsÔupperechelonsÕtriggeredaninßuentialstreamofstudiesexaminingtheorganizationaleffectsofthecompositionalcharacteristicsoftopmanagementteams(TMTs).Inthisview,measuresofTMTdemographyo