[英文原版 图形算法] microarray image analysis：an algorithmic approach：2. background

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1、2Background2.1IntroductionModerndaygeneticsistypifiedbysequencingprojects[13,77,83,102,138,144,223].Althoughnotaslaudableasthatofthehumangenomeprojectitself[108],thesequenceprojectsstillrepresentasignificantjumpinthehu-manquestforknowledge.Theseprojectsalsorepresentthecornerstonesofmodernbiologica

2、llyorientatedknowledgethroughwhichthecomplexitiesoflifetakeshape.Thecontinuedadvancementsintheilluminationofthesebio-logicalprocesseswillhaveprofoundconsequencesonthefutureofhumanity,improvedhealthcareandgreaterqualityoflifethroughbetterdrugcreationforexample.However,theunderlyingknowledgerequir

3、edforthesesignificantbiologicaladvancementsdidnotsuddenlycoalesceintothegeneralconsciousness.Ithastakenmanyyearsforeminentscientistsoftheirdaytoslowlyteasethefundamentalgeneticsconceptsanddetailsoutfromthedarkness.Inhindsight,conceptsliketraitinheritancewhicharepassedonfromparenttochildcouldappea

4、rtobequiteobvious,butatthetimecouldwellhavecausedasimilarstirwiththeestablishmentasthatofGalileo’s∗work.Inheritanceisafundamentalconceptoflifeandintegraltothefunctioningofevolutionaryprocesses.Asthemechanismsofinheritanceareunderstoodingreaterdetail,thetechniquesavailabletoexploitinheritancebeha

5、viorwillalsoimprove.Microarraysrepresentthelatestresearchtoolsthattrytoexploitthebehav-ioralcharacteristicsoftheinheritancemechanismsonalargescale.Generally,microarraysaresmallglass,siliconornylonmembraneslidesthatgivebi-ologiststhecapabilitytosimultaneouslyanalyzemanythousandsofgenes.Duetothema

6、ssiveshiftinprocesscapability,microarraysystemswillhaveadramaticeffectonthefutureofpharmacologicalbasedstudies.Inordertogivethereaderaclearunderstandingofmicroarraytechnologyandthebiologythatisrelieduponfortheprocesstobesuccessful,thischap-∗Galileo(1564-1642)wasthefirstastronomertomakefulluseofthe

7、telescopeandobservedthecratersofthemoonandthesatellitesofJupiter.HisopenadvocacyofCopernicancosmologyhowever,ledtoaclashwiththeCatholicCounter-Reformation,andhespenthisfinalyearsunderhousearrest.1718MicroarrayImageAnalysis:An