supporting heterogeneity and congestion control in peer-to-peer multicast streaming

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1、SupportingHeterogeneityandCongestionControlinPeer-to-PeerMulticastStreaming*VenkataN.PadmanabhanHelenJ.WangPhilipA.ChouMicrosoftResearchAbstract—Weconsidertheproblemofsupportingband-robustnessschemeoutlinedabove.Thisthenisthefocuswidthheterogeneityandcongest

2、ioncontrolinthecontextofthepresentpaper.ofP2Pmulticaststreaming.WeidentifyseveralchallengesApopularapproachtosupportingbandwidthhetero-peculiartotheP2Psettingincludingrobustnessconcernsgeneityinthecontextofunicastaswellasmulticastarisingfrompeerunreliability

3、andtheambiguityofpacketstreamingistooffermultiplestreams,eachoptimizedlossasanindicatorofcongestion.Weproposeahybridforaspecificbandwidthlevel.Clientstuneintotheparent-andchild-drivenbandwidthadaptationprotocolthatisdesignedinconjunctionwithaframeworkforstrea

4、mthatbestmatchestheirbandwidth.Whilethisrobustnessandthatexploitsapplication-levelknowledge.approachhastheadvantageofbeingsimple,itsuffersfromanumberofdrawbacks.ItiswastefulofbandwidthI.INTRODUCTIONonlinkssharedbystreamsofdifferentrates,ittypicallycanonlyacc

5、ommodatecoarse-grainedadaptation,andTherehasbeenagrowinginterestinpeer-to-peer,orhavingclientsswitchbetweenstreamsofdifferentband-endhost-based,multicastforstreamingbecauseofitswidthinresponsetocongestionmaybequitedisruptive.advantagesofbeingself-scaling,low

6、cost(comparedAnalternativeandmoreelegantapproachistheonetoinfrastructure-basedapproaches),andeasytodeployadvocatedintheseminalworkonReceiver-drivenLay-(comparedtoIPmulticast)(e.g.,[4][7][13]).However,eredMulticast(RLM)[10].RLMtacklesthehetero-akeychallengein

7、P2Pmulticastisrobustness.Un-geneityandcongestioncontrolproblemsbycombin-likeroutersinIPmulticastordedicatedserversinaningalayeredsourcecodingalgorithmwithalayeredinfrastructure-basedcontentdistributionnetworksuchtransmissionsystemthatusesaseparateIPmulticast

8、asAkamai,peersorendhostsareinherentlyunreli-groupfortransmittingeachlayerofthestream.Receiversableduetocrashes,disconnections,orshiftsinuserspecifytheirlevelofsubscriptionbyjoiningasubsetfocus(e