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1、CONGESTIONCONTROLINCOMPUTERNETWORKS:ISSUESANDTRENDSRajJainDigitalEquipmentCorp.550KingSt.(LKG1-2/A19)Littleton,MA01460Internet:Jain@Erlang.enet.DEC.ComPublishedinIEEENetworkMagazine,May1990,pp.24-30.AbstractPopularmythsthatcheapermemory,high-speedlinks,andhigh-speed
2、processorswillsolvetheproblemofconincomputernetworksareshowntobefalse.Asimplede nitionforcongestionbasedonsupplyanddemaresourcesisproposedandisthenusedtoclassifyvariouscongestionschemes.Theissuesthatmaketheproblemadicultonearediscussed,andthearchitecturaldecisionst
3、hata ectthedesignofacongestionpresented.Itisarguedthatlong-,medium-,andshort-termcongestionproblemsrequiredierentsolutioftherecentschemesarebrieysurveyed,andareasforfurtherresearcharesugested.1Introduction2MythsAboutCongestionControlCongestioncontrolisconcernedwitha
4、llocatingthere-Congestionoccurswhenthedemandisgreaterthanthesourcesinanetworksuchthatthenetworkcanoper-availableresources.Therefore,itisbelievedthatasateatanacceptableperformancelevelwhenthede-sourcesbecomelessexpensive,theproblemofconges-mandexceedsorisnearthecapac
5、ityofthenetworktionwillbesolvedautomatically.Thishasledtothresources.Theseresourcesincludebandwidthsoflinks,followingmyths:bu erspace(memory),andprocessingcapacityatin-termediatenodes.Althoughresourceallocationisnec-1.Congestioniscausedbyashortageofbuerspaceessaryev
6、enatlowload,theproblembecomesmoreandwillbesolvedwhenmemorybecomescheapimportantastheloadincreasesbecausetheissuesofenoughtoallowin nitelylargememories.fairnessandlowoverheadbecomeincreasinglyimpor-tant.Withoutpropercongestioncontrolmechanisms,2.Congestioniscausedbys
7、lowlinks.Theproblemthethroughput(ornetwork)maybereducedconsider-willbesolvedwhenhigh-speedlinksbecomeavail-ablyunderheavyload.able.Inthispaper,webeginwithseveralmythsaboutcon-3.Congestioniscausedbyslowprocessors.Thegestionandexplainwhythetrendtowardcheapermem-proble
8、mwillbesolvedwhenthespeedofthepro-ory,higher-speedlinks,andhigher-speedprocessorshascessorsisimproved.intensiedtheneedtosolvethecongestion
