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1、Peer-to-Peer-basedInfrastructureSupportforMassivelyMultiplayerOnlineGamesSimonRieche‡,MarcFouquet],HeikoNiedermayer],LeoPetrak],KlausWehrle‡,GeorgCarle]WSI-2006-04August2006‡DistributedSystemsGroupRWTHAachenUniversity{rieche,wehrle}@cs.rwth-aachen.de]ComputerNetworksandI

2、nternetUniversityofT¨ubingen{fouquet,niedermayer,petrak,carle}@informatik.uni-tuebingen.decWSI2006ISSN0946-3852AbstractOnlinegamesareaninterestingchallengeandchanceforthefuturedevelopmentofthePeer-to-Peerparadigm.Massivelymultiplayeronlinegames(MMOGs)arebecomingincreasin

3、glypopulartoday.However,evenhigh-budgettitleslikeWorldofWarcraftthathavegonethroughextensivebeta-testingsufferfromdowntimesbecauseofhard-andsoftwareproblems.OurapproachistousestructuredP2PtechnologyfortheserverinfrastructureofMMOGstoimprovetheirreliabilityandscalability.S

4、uchP2Pnetworksarealsoabletoadapttothecurrentstateofthegameandhandleunevendistributionsoftheplayersinthegameworld.Anotherfeatureofourapproachisbeingabletoaddsupplementaryserversatruntime.Oursystemallowsusingoff-the-shelfPCsasinfrastructurepeersforparticipationindifferentgam

5、eworldsasneeded.DuetothenatureoftheEconomyofScalethesamenumberofhostswillprovideabetterservicethandedicatedserversforeachgameworld.1IntroductionMultiplayergamesplayedovertheInternethavebecomeverypopularinthelastfewyears.Aninterestingsubcategoryaretheso-calledmassivelymul

6、tiplayeronlinegames(MMOGs)thatallowthousandsofplayercharacterstoshareasinglegameworld.Suchaworldisusuallyrunonahigh-performanceandhigh-availabilityservercluster.However,evenwithgamesthathavebeenextensivelybeta-tested,downtimesofseveralhoursbecauseofhard-orsoftwarefailure

7、sarenotuncommon.Downtimes,especiallyinthefirstfewweeksaftertherelease,cannegativelyaffecttheimageofthegameandthecompanythatcreatedit.Traditionally,aclusterofserverscontainsonevirtualworldofaMMOG.Suchinfrastructureisinflexibleanderror-prone.Onewouldratherliketohaveasystemtha

8、tallowsdisconnectingaserveratruntimewhileotherstakeoveritstasks.Server-basedMMOGscanhaveperformanceprob