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1、IntegrationandInvolvementinSpeaking,Writing,andOralLiterature1.Speakersinteractwiththeiraudiences, writersdonotDetachment–thepassives,nominalizationsInvolvement–FirstPersonReferences,Speaker’sMentalprocesses,MonitoringofInformationFlow,EmphaticParticles,Fu
2、zziness,DirectQuotes2.OralLiterature英語語言學理論與研究Instructor:黃淑鴻教授Presenter:胡美英20978L020SpeakersInteractwithTheirAudiences, WritersDoNotShareknowledgeconcerning theenvironmentoftheconversationSignal understanding andaskfor clarificationMonitor theeffectHasface
3、toface contactIsawareofanobligationtocommunicatewhatheorshe hasinmindinawaythatreflectstherichnessofhisor herthoughts–nottopresentlogicalcoherent butexperientialstarkskeletonaspeakeralistenerSpeakingSpeakersInteractwithTheirAudiences, WritersDoNotReadersAr
4、e displaced intime and spaceresultsWritingThewriterislessconcernedwithexperientialrichness.Thewriterismoreconcernedwithproducingsomethingthatwillbeconsistentanddefensiblewhenreadbydifferentpeopleatdifferenttimesindifferentplaces,somethingthatwillstandthere
5、stoftime.WritersSpeakersInteractwithTheirAudiences, WritersDoNotChafewillspeakof ‘involvement’ withtheaudienceastypicalforaspeaker,and ‘detachment’ fromtheaudienceastypicalforawriter.SpeakersInteractwithTheirAudiences, WritersDoNotINVOLVEMENTDETACHMENTThed
6、etachedqualityofwrittenlanguageismanifestedindeviceswhichservetodistancethelanguagefromspecificconcretestatesandevents.Suppressingthedirectiveinvolvementof anagentinanactionADeviceinEnglishThePassiveVoiceINVOLVEMENTDETACHMENTSpeakersInteractwithTheirAudien
7、ces, WritersDoNotExamplesofthepassiveItsusewasobservedononlyasingleoccasion.Theresonancecomplexhasbeenstudiedthroughexperimentswithanelectronicviolin.Fromthewrittendata,wedon’tknowwhoperformedtheaction–i.e.theagentisunknown.INVOLVEMENTDETACHMENTSpeakersInt
8、eractwithTheirAudiences, WritersDoNotAllowingpredicationstobeintegratedwithin largersentencesSuppressingthedirectiveinvolvementof anagentinanactionAnotherDeviceNominalizationNominalizationpp.39-40INVOLVEMENTD
