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1、SafetyScience,Vol.22,No.l-3,pp.35-48.1996PergamonCopyright01996ElsevierScienceLtdPrintedinGreatBritain.Allrightsreserved0925-7535/96$15.00+0.00SO9257535(96)00004-5RISKPERCEPTION,RISKTAKING,ACCIDENTINVOLVEMENTANDTHENEEDFORSTIMULATIONAdriaanHeinoa,HugoH.vanderMolena,G
2、eraldJ.S.WildebaTrafficResearchCentre,UniversityofGroningen,P.0Box69,9750ABHaren,TheNether/and?QueensUniversity,DepartmentofPsychology,Kingston,OntarioK7L3N6,CanadaAbstract-InWildesriskhomeostasistheory,itisassumedthatpeoplehaveatargetriskwhichguidestheirbehaviour.T
3、heprimepurposeofthisexperimentalon-roadstudywastoestablishtheeffectoftheneedforstimulationorsensationseekingonthistargetrisk.Inaddition,therelationshipbetweensensationseekingandaccidenthistorywasexplored.BasedontheirscoreonZuckermansSensationSeekingScale,21malesensa
4、tionavoidersand21malesensationseekerswereinvitedtoparticipateinacontrolledcar-drivingexperiment.Tocontrolfortheinfluenceofdriverexperienceonbothtargetriskandaccidentinvolvement,equalnumbersofinexperienced,intermediatelyexperiencedandexperiencedparticipantswereselect
5、ed.Whilefollowinganothercaratadistancechosenbytheparticipant,targetriskwasmeasuredbytime-headway-anindexofrisktaking,andverbalratings-indicesofcognitivelyperceivedrisk.Accidentinvolvementwasmeasuredbyreportedpastaccidents.Asexpectedonthebasisofriskhomeostasistheory,
6、sensationavoiderspreferredagreaterfollowingdistancethansensationseekers.Unexpectedly,however,theydidnotperceivethislongerfollowingdistanceaslessrisky.Therefore,itwasconcludedthatsensationseekersdidnottakemoreriskdeliberately.TheresultsofaPoissonregressionanalysisgav
7、epreliminaryevidenceforaninfluenceofsensationseekingontherelationshipbetweendriverexperienceandaccidentinvolvement.Fordriverswithanexperienceoflessthanapproximately80,000kilometresitwasobservedthatsensationavoidershadbeenlessliabletoaccidentsthansensationseekers,whe
8、reasfordriverswhohaddrivenmorethan80,000kilometres,theaccidentinvolvementofsensationavoiderswasgreaterthanthatofsensationseekers.Theobserv
