world bank involvement in social welfare system reform and...

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1、WorldBankInvolvementinSocialWelfareSystemReformandLessonsLearnedAleksandraPosaracWorldBankEconomicgrowthandinvestmentinhumancapitalProsperous,stablesocietiesneedhealthy,educated,skilled,activecitizensHumancapitalhaslongbeenidentifiedasoneofthekeydeterminantsnotonlyofindividualwelfarebu

2、talsooverallsocio-economicgrowthanddevelopmentEachsingleindividualcounts:demographicpressureWhyinvestinginchildren?ChildrenarehumancapitalChilddevelopmentandwelfareoutcomesreflectinvestmentinchildren.Investmentdeterminesfutureproductivity(individualandofsocietyasawhole)Investmentinchil

3、dren:generateshighereconomicreturnsreducessocialcosts(positiveexternalities)contributestogreatersocialequityandsocialcohesionincreasesefficacyofindividualsocialsectorprogramscontributestogreaterlaborforceparticipationofmothersHumandevelopmentsectorsEducationHealthSocialprotectionEachon

4、eispresentthroughoutthelifecycleTheydeliverbestresultswhenlinkedintoarangeofservices(integratedapproach)SocialprotectionEconomicgrowthisnecessarybutnotsufficienttoensurethatallmembersofsocietyparticipateinitandbenefitfromitSocialprotectionisdefinedasacollectionofpublicmeasurestoimprove

5、and/orprotecthumancapitalWell-designedandimplementedsocialprotectionsystemsandpoliciescontributetomoreinclusivegrowthandstrengthencohesion(equityaspects),enhanceefficiencyandhencearegrowth-promotingbythemselvesSocialriskmanagementapproachtosocialprotection(1)SRMisaframeworkusedtoanalyz

6、e:thesourcesofpovertyandvulnerability,thewayshowsocietiesmanagesrisks,andtherelativecostsandbenefitsofvariouspublicinterventionsonhouseholdwelfare.Povertyreflectsanunacceptablelevelofwell-being,vulnerabilitycapturestheexposuretouninsuredriskleadingtoasociallyunacceptablelevelofwell-bei

7、ngcurrentlyandinthefuture(vulnerabilitytopovertybutalsovulnerabilitytootherrisks:death,divorce,crime,substanceabuse,violence,etc.)Socialriskmanagementapproachtosocialprotection(2)Individualsandhouseholdsfacerisks(insurableandnon-insurable);materializedrisksbecomeshocksandhavenegative