Integration and Automation

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1、page1IntegrationandAutomationofManufacturingSystemsby:HughJack©Copyright1993-2001,HughJackpage2PREFACE1.INTEGRATEDANDAUTOMATEDMANUFACTURING....131.1INTRODUCTION131.1.1WhyIntegrate?131.1.2WhyAutomate?141.2THEBIGPICTURE161.2.1CAD/CAM?171.2.2TheArchitecture

2、ofIntegration171.2.3GeneralConcepts191.3PRACTICEPROBLEMS222.ANINTRODUCTIONTOLINUX/UNIX...................232.1OVERVIEW232.1.1Whatisit?232.1.2A(Brief)History242.1.3Hardwarerequiredandsupported252.1.4Applicationsanduses252.1.5AdvantagesandDisadvantages262.

3、1.6GettingIt262.1.7Distributions272.1.8Installing272.2USINGLINUX282.2.1SomeTerminology282.2.2Fileanddirectories292.2.3Useraccountsandroot312.2.4Processes332.3NETWORKING342.3.1Security352.4INTERMEDIATECONCEPTS352.4.1Shells352.4.2X-Windows362.4.3Configurin

4、g362.4.4DesktopTools372.5LABORATORY-ALINUXSERVER372.6TUTORIAL-INSTALLINGLINUX382.7TUTORIAL-USINGLINUX402.8REFERENCES413.ANINTRODUCTIONTOC/C++PROGRAMMING.........433.1INTRODUCTION433.2PROGRAMPARTS443.3CLASSESANDOVERLOADING503.4HOWA‘C’COMPILERWORKS52page33

5、.5STRUCTURED‘C’CODE533.6COMPILINGCPROGRAMSINLINUX543.6.1Makefiles553.7ARCHITECTUREOF‘C’PROGRAMS(TOP-DOWN)563.7.1How?563.7.2Why?573.8CREATINGTOPDOWNPROGRAMS583.9CASESTUDY-THEBEAMCADPROGRAM593.9.1Objectives:593.9.2ProblemDefinition:593.9.3UserInterface:59S

6、creenLayout(alsoseefigure):59Input:60Output:60Help:60ErrorChecking:61Miscellaneous:613.9.4FlowProgram:623.9.5ExpandProgram:623.9.6TestingandDebugging:643.9.7Documentation65UsersManual:65ProgrammersManual:653.9.8ListingofBeamCADProgram.653.10PRACTICEPROBL

7、EMS663.11LABORATORY-CPROGRAMMING664.NETWORKCOMMUNICATION.........................684.1INTRODUCTION684.2NETWORKS694.2.1Topology694.2.2OSINetworkModel714.2.3NetworkingHardware734.2.4ControlNetworkIssues754.2.5Ethernet764.2.6SLIPandPPP774.3INTERNET784.3.1Co

8、mputerAddresses794.3.2ComputerPorts80MailTransferProtocols81FTP-FileTransferProtocol81HTTP-HypertextTransferProtocol814.3.3Security82FirewallsandIPMasquerading844.4FORMATS85page44.4.1HTML854.4.2URLs874.4.3Encryption884.4.4