商业英语入门chapter2

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1、ManagementLearningObjectivesDefinemanagementDescribemanagementfunctionsExplainorganizationalstructureDistinguishmanagementlevelsIdentifymanagementroleslistmanagementskillsWhyStudyManagement?Weallhaveavestedinterestinimprovingthewayorganizationsaremanaged.Becauseweinteractwithorg

2、anizationseverysingledayofourlives.Onceyougraduatefromcollegeandbeginyourcareer,youwilleithermanageorbemanaged.Forthosewhoplanonmanagementcareers,anunderstandingofthemanagementprocessformsthefoundationonwhichtobuildyourmanagementskills.Assumingthatyouwillprobablybeamanagerand/or

3、workforamanager,youcangainagreatdealofinsightintothewayyourbossbehavesandtheinternalworkingsoforganizationsbystudyingmanagement.DefiningManagementManagementreferstotheprocessofcoordinatingworkactivitiessothattheyarecompletedefficientlyandeffectivelywithandthroughotherpeople.MANA

4、GEMENTTheapplicationofpanning,organization,directingandcontrollingfunctionsinthemostefficientmannerpossibletoaccomplishmeaningfulorganizationalobjectives.ManagementFunctionsTheprocessofmanagementrepresentsthefunctionsorprimaryactivitiesengagedinbymanagers.PlanningfunctionOrganiz

5、ingfunctionDirectingfunctionControllingfunctionPlanningPlansarenothing,planningiseverything.PLANNINGdefininggoalsforfutureorganizationalperformanceanddecidingonthetasksanduseofresourcesneededtoattainthem.Theprocedures1.whatisthesituationnow?whatisthestatesoftheeconomyandotherenv

6、ironments?Whatopportunitiesexistformeetingpeople’sneeds?Whatproductsandcustomersaremostprofitable?Whydopeoplebuy(ornotbuy)ourproducts?Whoareourmajorcompetitors?Whatthreatsaretheytoourbusiness?2.wheredowewanttogo?Howmuchgrowthdowewant?Whatisourprofitgoal?Whatareoursocialobjective

7、s?Whatareourpersonaldevelopmentobjectives.3.Howcanwegettherefromhere?Thisisthemostimportantpartofplanning.Ittakesthreeforms:a.strategic(long-range)planningdeterminesthemajorgoalsoftheorganizationandusingresourcestoachievethosegoals.b.tactical(short-range)planningistheprocessofde

8、velopingdetailed,short-termstrategiesaboutwhati