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大小:235.00 KB
页数:40页
时间:2019-05-10
《英语翻译Chapter2》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、ChapterTwoTheskillsofchoosingthepropermeaningofaword一、词义选择法(Theskillsofchoosingthepropermeaningofaword)IWhatisdictionBy“diction”wemeantheproperchoiceofwordsandphrasesintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.ThenotedBritishlinguist,thefounderoftheLondonSchool,Firthpointsoutth
2、ateachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword.所谓词义选择,就是说,它本来就有这个意思,问题是要我们去选,把其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。大家知道,在现代英语中,一词多类、一词多义的现象比较普遍。一词多类,是说一个单词可以有几个词性,词性不同,意义则有可能不同。一词多义,是说一个词有多个意思。在众多的词义中,选择出一个最确切的词义,是正确理解原文所表达思想的一个基本环节,是做好翻译的基础。它是翻译的难点之一,同时又是翻译的技巧之一。Let’sseesomeexamplestoilettable/paper/water/glass/cream/a
3、rticle/powder/training/cover/soapmaketea/bed/war/cloth/way/paper/shoes/apoem/efforts/progress/sentences/revolution/adecision/abigdeal吃醋/药/透/败仗/苹果/回扣/耳光/红利/喜酒/官司bejealous/takemedicine/haveathoroughgrasp/sufferdefeat/eatanapple/getcommission/getaslapintheface/getdividends/attendtheweddingbanquet
4、/besuedinacourtoflaw闹/征求/提出/保留/接受/取得一致/补充几点/对某人很有意见getintodispute/askone’ssuggestion/putforwardone’ssuggestion/havepreservationon/takeone’ssuggestion(criticism)/reachanagreement/addsomepointsto/havecomplaintsabout(of)IICorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatwordlevel(对应)1word-for–wordcorrespo
5、ndence(完全对等)e.g.Marxism;Aspirin;laser;2onewordwithmultipleequivalentsofthesamemeaning(一词多译)e.g.wife;potato;医生;人;犬3onewordwithmultipleequivalentsofdifferentmeaning(一词多意)e.g.cousin:carry;羊4equivalentsinterwovenwithoneanother(词义混杂)e.g.say,speak,talk,tell=说,讲,谈,诉5wordswithoutcorrespondingequivalen
6、ts(无对等关系)teenager::13至19岁的青少年;prey:被扑食的动物;阴:thesoftinactivefemaleprincipleorforceintheworld;阳:thestrongactivemaleprincipleorforceintheworld;IIIMethodstodiscerntherightmeaningofwords1E-TTranslation(英译汉时词义选择的11种方法)⑴根据词性选择词义要选择正确合适的词义,首先应确定这个词在该句子中属于哪一种词类,起什么作用,然后才能确定该词的意义。现已大家比较熟悉的单词like为例:Thing
7、slikeair,waterormetalsarematter.像空气、水或金属之类的东西都是物质。Thetwobuildingsareverylike.这两座楼很像。Itistheatomsthatmakeupiron,water,oxygenandthelike.正是原子构成了铁、水和氧等等。Wavesinwatermovelikethewaveformmovesalongarope.水中的波移动,就像波形沿着绳子移动一样。Weshouldliketoknowal
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