chapter2 basicpsychologyneededforinterfacedesign

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1、UserInterfaceDesignandEvaluationChapter2BasicPsychologyNeededforInterfaceDesignSoftwareCollegeofNEUContents2.1HumanInformationProcessing2.2TheHumanEye2.3Attention2.4CognitiveProcessing2.5MotorProcessing2.1HumanInformationProcessingHowtoprocessinformation?HumanInformationProcessingModelMe

2、morypropertiesEncoding:typeofthingsstoredSize:numberofthingsstoredDecaytime:howlongmemorylastsShort-TermSensoryStoreVisualinformationstoreEncodedasphysicalimageSize~17[7-17]bitsDecay~200ms[70-1000ms]AuditoryinformationstoreEncodedasphysicalsoundSize~[4.4-6.2]bitsDecay~1500[900-3500ms]Wor

3、kingMemory(WM)Smallcapacity:7±2“chunks”Fastdecay(7[5-226]sec)MaintenancerehearsalfendsoffdecayInterferencecausesfasterdecayLong-termMemory(LTM)HugecapacityLittledecayElaborativerehearsalmoveschunksfromWMtoLTMbymakingconnectionswithotherchunksProcessorsProcessorshaveacycletimeTp~100ms[50-

4、200ms]Tc~70ms[30-100ms]Tm~70ms[25-170ms]Fastmanmaybe10×fasterthanslowmanPerceptualFusionTwostimuliwithinthesamePPcycle(Tp~100ms)appearfusedConsequences1/Tpframes/secisenoughtoperceiveamovingpicture(10fpsOK,20fpssmooth)Computerresponse

5、sionBottom-upvs.Top-DownPerceptionBottom-upusesfeaturesofstimulusTop-downusescontextTemporal,spatialDrawsonlong-termmemoryChunking“Chunk”:unitofperceptionormemoryChunkingdependsonpresentationandwhatyoualreadyknowTHECATRANUPTHETREEETHECATRANUPTHETRETHECATRANUPTHETREE3-4digitchunkingisidea

6、lforencodingunrelateddigits2.2TheHumanEyePhotoreceptorsRods（视杆）Onlyonekind(peakresponseingreenwavelengths)Sensitivetolowlight(“scotopicvision”)MultiplenearbyrodsaggregatedintoasinglenervesignalSaturatedatmoderatelightintensity(“photopicvision”)Conesdomostofthevisionunderphotopiccondition

7、sPhotoreceptorsCones（视锥）OperateinbrighterlightThreekinds:S(hort),M(edium),L(ong)Sconesareveryweak,centeredinbluewavelengthsMandLaremorepowerful,overlappingMcenteredingreen,LinredSignalsfromPhotoreceptorsBrightnessM+L+rodsRed-greendifferenceL-MBlue-yellowdifferenceWeighted