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1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文：LowcarboneconomyThispaperexaminesdifferentcarbonpathwaysforachievingdeepCO2reductiontargetsfortheUKusingamacro-econometrichybridmodelE3MG,whichstandsforEnergy–Economy–EnvironmentModelattheGloballevel.TheE3MG,withcombinesatop-downapproachformodelingtheglob
2、aleconomyandforestimatingtheaggregateanddisaggregateenergydemandandabottom-upapproach(EnergyTechnologysubModel,ETM)forsimulatingthepowersector,whichthenprovidesfeedbacktotheenergydemandequationsandthewholeeconomy.TheETMsubmodelusesaprobabilisticapproachandhistoricaldatafo
3、restimatingthepenetrationlevelsofthedifferenttechnologies,consideringtheireconomic,technicalandenvironmentalcharacteristics.Threepathwayscenarios(CFH,CLCandCAM)simulatetheCO2reductionby40%,60%and80%by2050comparedto1990levelsrespectivelyandarecomparedwithareferencescenario
4、,withnoreductiontarget.ThetargetsaremodeledastheUKcontributiontoaninternationalmitigationeffort,suchasachievingtheG8reductiontargets,whichisamorerealisticpoliticalframeworkfortheUKtomovetowardsdeepreductionsratherthanmovingalone.Thispaperaimstoprovidemodelingevidencethatd
5、eepreductiontargetscanbemetthroughdifferentcarbonpathwayswhilealsoassessingthemacroeconomiceffectsofthepathwaysonGDPandinvestment.Climatechange,asaresultofrisinggreenhousegasemissions,threatensthestabilityoftheworld’sclimate,economyandpopulation.Thecausesandconsequencesof
6、climatechangeareglobal,andwhilenationalgovernmentscanandshouldtakeaction,theultimatesolutionmustbeacollectiveglobaleffort.Thelatestscientificconsensus(IPCC,2007)hasfurtherstrengthenedtheevidencebasethatitisverylikelythatanthropogenicGHGemissionsatorabovecurrentrateswouldc
7、ausefurtherwarmingandinducemanychangesintheglobalclimatesystemduringthe21stcentury.Amajorrecentreportontheeconomicsofglobalclimatechange(Stern,2006)supportsthepositionthatthebenefitsofstringentclimatemitigationactionoutweighedthecostsandrisksofdelayedaction.Althoughtherei
8、saglobalconsiderationoftheclimatechangeeffects,individualcountrieshaveundertakendifferentstepsin
