对低碳经济的经济学分析和工业低碳化策略【外文翻译】

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1、原文：TowardaLowCarbonEconomy---economicanalysisandevidenceforalowcarbonindustrialstrategyExecutivesummaryTheimperativeofstrongandearlyactiononclimatechangewasclearlysetoutintheSternReviewontheEconomicsofClimateChange,andrecentresearchhighlightsbusinessopportuniti

2、es,aswellaschallenges,fromatransitiontoalowcarboneconomy.Goingforward,ahighcarboneconomyisnotanoptionandtheUKisintheearlystagesofanessentialbutchallengingtransformation.TheaimofthispaperistosetouttheeconomicrationaleandreviewsupportingliteraturefortheUKGovernme

3、nt’sLowCarbonIndustrialStrategytohelptransformtheUKtoamoreenergyandresourceefficient,lowcarboneconomy.ThepolicyenvironmentThegovernment’sresponsetothechallengeofremovingcarbonfromeconomicactivityistocreatearegulatoryframeworkthatfacilitatesopenandcompetitivemar

4、ketsandprovideslongtermregulatorycertaintyforeconomicagentsintheeconomy.‘BuildingBritain’sfuture:NewIndustry,NewJobs’underlinedtheimportanceofopenmarketstofutureeconomicprosperitybutrecognisedthatmarketsalonemaynotautomaticallydeliveroutcomesthatpromotelong-ter

5、mpublicinterest.Keymarketfailuresthatmaydistortpricesignalsandincentivesorerectbarrierstothecreationofalowcarboneconomyincludebothnegativeandpositiveexternalities,informationasymmetriesandsignificantuncertainty.TheUK’sapproachtoencouraginglowcarboneconomicgrowt

6、hneedstoaddresstheseinabalancedandappropriateway.Itneedstotakeaccountofrelevantdriversofchangesuchasconsumerbehaviour,thecostofcarbon,innovationandregulations.Government’sprincipalmethodofsignallingalong-termcommitmenttoreducecarbonisthestatutorytargettocutgree

7、nhousegasemissionsby80%fromtheir1990baselineby2050.ThisissupportedbythepricingofcarbonviatheUK’sparticipationintheEUEmissionsTradingScheme(EUETS).Thesewillalsoprovide10increasedcertaintyofdemandforlowcarbongoodsandservices.Together,withtheprovisionofinformation

8、andsupportforR&D,theadoptedpolicyframeworkcancreatetheenvironmentnecessarytopromoteandsecurethetransformationrequired.ThebusinessenvironmentThereiscurrentlynoclearoragreedde