chapter 8英语翻译方法技巧4

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1、吴宜涛2013/5Chapter8Inversion倒置法Inversionimpliesanecessarychangeofwordordertoconformtothegoodusageinthetargetlanguage.Besidesdifferencesofwordorderinsentencestructures,logicalsequencesofthinking,sayingandwritingbetweenthetwolanguagesmaydiffer,whichisespeciallytrueoflongsentences.Contents词组或短语的词序定语的

2、词序定语与名词的词序前置序列定语定语从句句子结构InversionofWordOrderinTranslatingWord-GroupsorPhrasesFourcardinalpoints:north,south,east,andwest.Northeast,northwest,southeast,southwestMenandwomen,youngandold;sistersandbrothersSoonerorlater;richandpoor;lossandgainEnglishChineseNarrowerrange—>widerrangeWiderrange—>narrow

3、errangeLessimportant—>moreimportantMoreimportant—>lessimportantweaker—>strongerstronger—>weakerExamples:无地和少地的农民peasantswhohavelittleornoland中小企业smallandmedium-sizedenterprises我们并不认为，他们必须或者应当采取我们的做法。Wedonotmaintainthattheyshouldormustadoptourway.InversionofWordOrderinTranslatingAttributesInvertt

4、hewordorderoftheattributiveandthenounconsulgeneral总领事court-martial军事法庭GodAlmighty万能的神（上帝）InvertthewordorderintranslatingaseriesofattributivemodifiersbeforeanounShewasanintelligent,attractiveandsomewhattemperamentaldaughterofawell-to-dodoctorinHaddington.她是哈丁顿一位富裕医生的女儿，有才华，又迷人，但有点脾气。Theorderinmul

5、tipleattributionGeneralprincipleforplacingseveralattributivemodifiersbeforeanounPositionofAdjectiveClausesInEnglish,adjectiveclausesaredividedintotwokinds:restrictiveandnon-restrictive.Theseareallplacedafterthenountheymodify.Intranslation,however,theyaretreatedindifferentways.1.Restrictiveadject

6、iveclauseswhichconfinethemeaningsofnounsusuallyprecedethenounstheymodifytomaketheexpressionscloselyconnectedinstructureiftheyarenotverylong.Objectsthatdonottransferlightcauseshadows.不透光的物体会造成阴影。Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsol

7、diers,whereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.历史书上出现得最频繁和最为显耀的人物大多是一些伟大的征服者、将军和士兵，而那些真正推动文明前进的人却往往名不见经传。2.Adjectiveclauseswhichonlyhavedescriptiveorsupplementaryfunctionforthenounspreced