当代英国社会与文化 9

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1、Chapter9BasicprinciplesofEnglishlaw?What’stheideabehindnaturallawandnaturaljustice?p217CommonLaw,StatuteLaw&Caselaw?p218Precedence?p218Structureofthecourtsp219Magistrates,jurors.Professionaltraining?p220Deathpenaltyabolished?P222‘Sentencing’ProblemsintheBritishlegalsystem?p2

2、25What’sthesignificantdifferencebetweenbarristersandsolicitors?Howimportantisthedifference?P223-225Presentation:thejurysysteminBritainandthepeoplejurysysteminChinaTerms:cross-section,InnsofCourt,lawsociety,NurembergWarCrimesTrialsp234-235BasicprinciplesofEnglishlawTheruleofl

3、aw法律原则Everybodyissubjecttothelaw.Lawsmustnotbearbitrary.Thereisonlyonebodyoflaw.‘convention’Therightsoftheindividualaretoberespected.Naturallaw自然法Animmoralrulecanneverbemadeintoareallawsimplybybeingpassedthroughanationallegislature.Naturaljustice自然正义Moralperspectivehttp://ww

4、w.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2007/04/id/245507.shtmlBasicsCommonlaw习惯法theCommonLawsStatutelaw成文法Caselaw判例法Equity衡平法CriminallawCivillawCommunitylaw共同(体)法theEuropeanCourtofHumanRightsp218Precedence,precedent先例,判例certaintyp218Whoisresponsibleforlaw-making?p218Arejudgessuppos

5、edtomakelaw?p218Deathpenaltyabolished?p222Magistrates,juries–professionaltraining?p220EnglishjudgesTheSupremacyofParliamentParliamentcanpass,repealandalteranyofBritain’slaws.Thisisoneofthemajorpowersthatagovernmenthas.IntheorythereisnobodythatcandeclarealawpassedbyParliament

6、asunconstitutional-thoughthefullimpactoftheEuropeanCourtisnotyetknown.ButdecisionsoftheEuropeanCourtmustbeacceptedintheUK.TwobranchesoflawCivillaw--definesandenforcesthedutiesorobligationsofpersonstooneanother.Criminallaw--bycontrast,definesandenforcestheobligationsofpersons

7、tosocietyasawhole.ThelegalsysteminEnglandandWalesp219Magistrates’courts治安(官)法庭Summaryoffence即决犯罪Committal提付审议Tribunals(审理特定案件之)特别法庭Countycourts郡法院Crowncourts刑事法庭Highcourt高等法院Queen’sBenchDivision王座法庭ChanceryDivision大法官的法庭dealingwithequity(衡平法):theprincipleofjusticewhichmaybeu

8、sedtocorrectalaw,whenthatlawwouldcausehardshipinspecialcasesLegislatureandj