文体学 chapter 03

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1、Chapter3ThePotentialStylisticFeature:SyntaxWhatissyntax?(rulesforthe)arrangementofwordsintophrasesandphrasesintosentencesSyntaxreferstotherulesfororderingandconnectingwordsintosentences.Whatistherightwayofarrangingtheelementsinasentence.sentenceclausephrasewordmorphemeWhatarethesyntactic

2、unitsandelements?I.ClauseTypes(ClauseStructure)1.Intermsoftheclauseconstituents:SPOCA2.Intermsofthestructureoftheverbphrasenon-finiteclausefiniteclauseverblessclauseThefiniteformsofaverbaretheformswheretheverbshowstense,personornumber.TenseThatwillbeJohn.ThatwasJohn.ItisrainingandIhaven

3、othingtodo,soIsupposeImightaswellwrite.Itwasrainingandheorshehadnothingtodo.ItoftencametomymindwhatwisementhereusedtobeinEngland.--KingAlfredTherewasnopossibilityoftakingawalkthatday.Wehadbeenwandering,indeed,intheleaflessshrubberyanhourinthemorning;butsincedinner(Mrs.Reed,whentherewasn

4、ocompany,dinedearly)thecoldwinterwindhadbroughtwithitcloudssosombre,andarainsopenetrating,thatfurtherout-doorexercisewasnowoutofthequestion.--JaneEyrebyCharlotteBronteItissomekindofspecialday."WhereisSissie?"Masays.Herfacegetssharp,sheisfrightened.WhenIrunaroundherchairshelaughsandhugsme

5、.Sheisprettywhenshelaughs.--FourSummersbyJoyceCarolOates3.IntermsoffunctionsinasentenceIndependentClauseDependent/SubordinateClauseNorminalclauseAdverbialclauseRelativeclauseComparativeclauseDirectlysubordinateclauses:elementsofclausesIndirectlysubordinateclauses:elementsofphrasesII.Clau

6、sesasSituationTypesDurationTransitionMomentarycontinuumofdynamism(how)(what)situationtypesub-typeverbtypeparticipantrolesdynamicactionagentiveagent,recipient,non-agentiveeventexternalforcebehavioural&physiologicalpsychologicalbehaverstativementalstatessenser,phenomenonrelationalstatesatt

7、ributingcarrier,attributeidentifyingidentified,identifierinstrument,objectrecipient,objectExample(1)"Adequateexpulsiveforceiscalledintoaction...Atlengththeforceconquersallresistance,andwithathroeofagonytheheadisexpelled..."—birthina19thcenturyobstetricstextbook(2)"Houraft