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时间:2018-10-05
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1、第十五章镇静催眠药蚌埠医学院药学系药理教研室Chapter14Sedative-hypnotics§1Introduction[define]sedatives-hypnotics:1、depressionofCNS2、moderateexcitement;3、resemblenaturesleepawakeSWSNREMFWS(REM)80-120min20-30min3-5次一、phaseofsleepClassificationofinsomnia:1)dropasleeptrouble2)repeatedlysleepandawake3)earlyawake3、Ac
2、tionofhypnotics:1)Thelatencyofsleeponsetisdecreased.2)Thedurationofsleeisprolonged二.Sedative-hypnotics[classification]㈠benzodiazepines㈡barbiturates㈢other§2benzodiazepines,BZ[classification]苯二氮卓①long-actinganxiolytics:diazepam,(地西泮、安定)flurazepam(氟西泮、氟安定)②Intermediate-actinganxiolytics:chlor
3、diazepoxide,(氯氮卓)oxazepam(奥沙西泮)③Short-actinganxiolytics:triazolam(三唑仑)[actionsanduses]1.Antianxiety抗焦虑:1)selectivityhighly,2)use:anxiety,2、Sedation、hypnosis1)REMisshortened,butsmall.2)use:insomnia3、Anticonvulsant(抗惊厥)(tetanus)破伤风、eclampsia(子痫)、convulsioninducedbydrugtoxicationantiepileptic
4、effects(抗癫痫)4、Skeletalmusclerelaxant(中枢肌松作用)Mechanismofaction[pharmacokinetics]1、po--absorptionwell,im--absorptionslow、abnormity;2、distributionwide,boundhighlytoplasmaalbumin;3、biotransformation:liver,4、highlylipid-soluble[adversereactions]1、therapydose:㈠CNS2、excessivedose:acutetoxication3
5、、longtimeuse:tolerance、addiction【contraindication】:1)pregnantwoman、2)lactationwoman,3)liverfunction.§3barbituratescharacter:dose-effectrelationship:1)smalldose--Sedation、2)middlingdose–hypnosis;3)largedose--Anticonvulsant。§4otherchloralhydrate水合氯醛character1、po:absorptionfast,actionlongtim
6、e;2、REMisnotshortened,3、localstimulate,questionPleasedescribepharmacologicalactionAndclinicuseofdiazepam.
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