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1、美国福利制度形成过程（TheformationofAmericanwelfaresystem）SocialsecuritysystemintheUnitedStatesSummaryThesocialsecuritysystemintheUnitedStatesconsistsofthreeparts:socialinsurance,socialwelfareandsocialrelief.Sincetheestablishmentofthesecuritysystemin30s,theUnitedStateshasformedahugesocialsecuritysystem,
2、itsmaincharacteristicsare:(1)timelyestablishmentandgradualimprovementofsocialsecuritysystem.Atthebeginningofthiscentury,withthedevelopmentofindustrializationandtheimprovementoflivingstandards,peopleintheUnitedStateshavearousedwidespreadconcernfortheelderly.TheGreatDepressionofthe30scausedthee
3、lderlytoliveinthemostdifficultposition,andsocialretirementbecamethehopeoftheelderly.In1934,RooseveltestablishedtheeconomicandInsuranceCommission,announcedthesocialsecurityactin1935,andincreaseddisabilityinsuranceandold-agespouseendowmentinsurancein1939.Afterseveralyearsofpreparation.Afterthea
4、ccumulationofalargefund,itwasputintoeffectin1942andbegantopaypensions.Therewerenonewchangesinthetwoworldwar.In50s,theeconomydevelopedgreatly.In1965,themedicalinsurancefortheelderlywasincreased,andthemedicalinsuranceforthedisabledwasaddedin1972.After50yearsofgradualdevelopmentandimprovement,ah
5、ugesocialsecuritysystemhasbeenformed.(2)thestatutoryretirementinsurancefortheelderlyismandatory,contributiveandwelfare.Theretirementandmedicalinsurancefundshavenormalsources,andtheycanadjustthemselvesandadjustthemselves.ThepensionincomeandexpenditureisPAYG,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofbalanc
6、eofpayments,accordingtotheforecastoftheagingpopulation,pensionspending,adjustedinsurancetaxrate,throughselfadjustmentofthenormalcycleofself-operationpurpose.(3)developvoluntarypensioninsuranceforinsurancecompanies,absorbidlefunds,increaseeconomicstrength,andpreparefortheagingofthepopulation.S
7、omeAmericanlife-insurancecompanyoperatinginadditiontolifeinsurance,propertyinsurance,deathinsurance,butalsostrongbusinesscollectiveandindividualnatureofthevoluntaryinsuranceofprivatepensioninsurance,asasupplementtothestatutoryretirementinsura
