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1、翻译中的谴词用句问题基本的翻译技巧一般包括1).Diction(选词用字);2).Amplification(增益);3).Omission(省略);4).Repetiton(重复);5).Conversion(转换);6).Restructuring(词序调整);7).Negation(正说反译,反说正译);8).Division(长句拆译).遣词用字是任何翻译工作者自始至终需面临的一个现实问题。由于英汉分属不同的语系,所以在翻译时源语与译语之间往往没用相对固定的词义对应关系。本期用对比的方式归纳了英汉词字层次上的五种对应情况:1.完全对等,2.多词
2、同义,3.一词多义,4.词义交织,5.无对等词语。词义辨析是遣词用字的前提。本期从四个角度探讨了如何判断某一英语词语的准确含义,即1.根据构词法辨别词义;2.根据指代关系辨别词义;3.根据上下文或词的搭配辨别词义;4.根据不同学科或专业类型辨别词义。在词义辨析的基础上,本期归纳了英语词语翻译的8种常用技巧:1.推演法,2.移植法,3.引伸法,4.替代法,5.释义法,6.合并法,7.图形法和8.音译法。1.CorrespondenceBetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevel----英汉词字层次上的五种对应情况Inmostca
3、sesthereisnoexistingpatternforsentencetranslation,noraretherefixedrulesforwordtransformation.Generallyspeaking,thecorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatwordlevelmaybecategorizedasfollows:1)Word-for-wordCorrespondenceThisismostevidentlyshowninpropernounsandtechnicalterms.Forexa
4、mple:Marxism=马克思主义Aspirin=阿斯匹林2)OneWordwithMultipleEquivalentsoftheSameMeaningThisisacommoncaseintranslation.Forexample:犬:dog,hound,spaniel,mastiff,pointer,setter,retriever,terrier……3)OneWordwithSeveralEquivalentsofDifferentMeaningThisisalsoverycommonintranslation.Forexample:car
5、ry:搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、搂、抱、端、举、夹、捧…..走:walk,saunter,amble,stride,trudge,trapes,shamble,prance,scamper,clump,tiptoe….羊:sheep,goat,ram,ewe,lamb……4)EquivalentsInterwovenwithOneAnother5)WordsWithoutEquivalentsInthiscase,anexplanationisgiveninsteadofanequivalent.Forexample:clock-watc
6、her:老是看钟等下班的人阴:(inChinesethought)thesoftinactivefemaleprincipleorforceintheworld阳:(inChinesethought)thestrongactivemaleprincipleorforceintheworld(目不识)丁:(notknowone's)ABC2.MethodstoDiscriminatetheOriginalMeaningofanEnglishWord-----词义辨析SinceEnglishwordsarepronetovariousmeanings,it
7、isofvitalimportanceforatranslatortodiscerntherightmeaningofagivenword.Andthefollowingarethemajormethodsofdiscriminatingwordmeaningsuggestedbysomelinguists.1)JudgingfromtheWordFormationInordertodiscriminatetheoriginalmeaningofanEnglishword,itisnecessaryforustohaveaknowledgeofEngl
8、ishlexicology,andspecifically,aknowledgeofwordf