周建平教授讲座之一“谴词”.ppt

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1、周建平教授学术讲座英语写作中如何提高遣词造句的能力（HowtoImproveYourSkillsinDictionandSentenceMaking）Part1Diction一、掌握一个词的基本要求（BasicRequirementsforHavingaWordinCommand）二、质量较好的英语写作对用词的要求（RequirementsforChoiceofWordsinGoodEnglishWriting）三、英语写作中如何把词用好（HowtoUseWordsEffectivelyinEnglishwriting)一、掌握一个词的基本要求（BasicRequire

2、mentsforHavingaWordinCommand）1.正确拼写（CorrectSpelling）2.准确读音（AccuratePronunciation）3.熟悉词性（FamiliarizeYourselfwiththePartsofSpeechofaWord）(1)Theslaughterhousewasfilledwithafoulodor.(a.)(2)Theyfouledthewaterbythrowingingarbage.(vt.)(3)Onemorefoulandyou’reoutofthebasketballgame.(n)e.g.foul4.了

3、解词义（KnowtheMeaning(s)ofaWord）对于一词多义的词至少要了解三个词义。*词义包括两个方面：(1)原义(Denotation)--Whatthewordliterallymeans,definebythedictionary(2)隐义(Connotation)--Thefeelingorideasuggestedbytheword①county—consistingofarea,nation,population,politicalsystem…Land—moreliteraryandemotivethan“country”Englandismyn

4、ativeland.(若换成country就感觉不那么亲切)②Small—“oflessthanusualoraveragesize,weight,amount,force…”Little—“small,esp.inawaythatisattractiveorproducessympathy”e.g.Thatpoorlittleboy!Thatlittlegirlissoclever.Thatsmallgirldeservesthepunishment.5.熟知词的类型(KnowabouttheLevelsofWordsWell)(1)从文体角度分，可分为三类：①For

5、malwords—Mainlyappearinformalwriting,suchasscholarlyortheoreticalworks,politicalandlegaldocumentsandformallecturesandaddresses.Manycontain3ormoresyllables;mostofthemareofGreekorLatinorigin.Commonwords—Usedbypeopleeveryday,andappearinallkindsofwritingrecognitioninvestigationinclinationele

6、vatedcharacteristicallynon-casualutterancedubioustransaction②e.g.e.g.sciencefictionlibrarywonderexactlyfutureagreemoneyseemhappenexamplerather③Colloquialwords—Mainlyusedininformalorfamiliarconversation,seldomappearinformalwriting,andinliteraryworkstheirmainuseistorecordpeople’sthoughtsan

7、ddialogues.TheyareusuallyshortwordsofoneortwosyllablesandmostofthemareofSaxonorigine.g.gutsguyhasslecut(sb)offgottobenutsonbyahairorsokickthebucketducksoup(2)从词义上分，可以分为两类：①e.g.foodhouselaughcryinterestingwonderfulgoodhealthysportsappliance(s)professionalsGeneralwords—Gene