lecture 2-diction 谴词用字

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1、LectureThreeDiction谴词用字（I）MaincontentsofthislectureDefinitionCorrespondenceBetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevelSomeTechniquesEmployedinTranslatingaGivenEnglishWordDefinitionBy“diction”,wemeantheproperchoiceofwordsandphrasesintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionofth

2、eoriginal.Inthepracticeoftranslation,whatperplexesusmostfrequentlyishowtofindanequivalentintheTL.Greatcareiscalledforinthetranslationof“familiar”EnglishwordsintoChinese,astheirmeaningsvarywithchangeincollocationorcontext.TheTrojanhorse特洛伊木马=hiddenenemy/dangerAchillesheel阿

3、喀琉斯的脚后跟=fatalweaknessBurntheboat破釜沉舟Sixofoneandhalfadozenoftheother半斤八两；彼此彼此Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.一贫如洗Aspoorasachurchmouse淋得像落汤鸡Aswetasadrownedrat猫哭老鼠Thecatweepsoverthemouse.ToshedcrocodiletearsExample----Tensionisbuildingup.Withoutcontext,both“tensi

4、on”and“buildingup”mayhavevariousexplanations.ThustheEnglishsentencemaybetranslatedintodifferentChineseexpressionsaccordingly:----形势紧张起来----张力在增大----电压在增加----压力在增强Taketheword“story”foranotherexample:Justasanotedlinguisthasobserved,“themeaningofawordisitsuseinthelanguage,an

5、deachword,whenusedinanewcontext,isanewword”.1.Thiswarisbecomingthemostimportantstoryofthisgeneration.2.Itisquiteanotherstorynow.3.Somereporterswhowerenotincludedinthesessionbrokethestory.4.He’llbehappyifthestoryholdsup.5.Thestoryabouthimbecamesmallerandbyandbyfadedoutfrom

6、AmericanTV.Bethecase=betrueThesesentencescanbetranslatedinto:1．这场战争将成为这一代人最重大的事件。(event)2现在的情况完全不同了。(situation)3．有些没让参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。(insideinformation)4.如果这一说法当真，那他就太高兴了。(statement)5．报道中对他的渲染减少了，不久就从美国电视上销声匿迹了。(report)CorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevelGen

7、erallyspeaking,thecorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatwordlevelmaybecategorizedasfollows:1.Word-for-wordCorrespondenceProperNounsandtechnicaltermsMarxism=马克思主义Aspirin=阿司匹林激光=laser白血病=leukemiaGuitar吉他；coffee咖啡Miami迈阿密；NY纽约；TheQomolangma珠穆朗玛峰2.OneWordwithMultipleEquival

8、entsofthesamemeaningwife:妻子，爱人，夫人，老婆，老伴，媳妇，堂客，内人potato：马铃薯，洋芋，土豆，山药蛋人：humanbeing,man,people,pers