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1、Unit2Diction(遣词用字)Somebackgroundinformationaboutthisunit:a)Nocontext,notext.b)Whatiscontext?Context,asthetermsuggests,referstoallthedifferentsituationsinvolvedinlanguagecommunication.语境，就是产生语言活动的环境，包括时间、空间、语言交际参与者及语言活动的目的等，反映在文字材料中也称上下文。语境是一切语言活动存在的前提。Firth:eachwordwhenusedinanewcontexti
2、sanewword.Someexamples:▪I’llfinishthebooknextweek.▪“我”是谁？finish的具体措辞究竟是：看完、写完、审完？▪Tensionisbuildingup.形式紧张起来。/张力在增大。/电压在增加。/压力在增强。/血压在增高。/气压在加强。/情绪越来越紧张。/紧张局势在加剧。Withoutcontext,both“tension”and“buildup”mayhavevariousexplanations.▪I’mthrough.通话完毕，结束了。(AmE)电话接通了。(BrE)1.EquivalencebetweenEn
3、glishandChineseatWordLevel1.1Word-for-wordequivalenceThisismostshowninpropernounsandtechnicalterms.▪Marxism马克思主义▪Aspirin阿司匹林▪Laser激光▪Leukemia白血病1.2OnewordwithmultipleequivalentsofthesameThisisacommoncaseintranslation.▪Wife:妻子、老婆、夫人、老伴、媳妇、爱人、内人……▪Potato:马铃薯、土豆、洋芋、山药蛋……▪人：humanbeing,man,pe
4、ople,person…▪犬：dog,hound,spaniel,mastiff,pointer,setter,retriever,terrier…1.3OnewordwithseveralequivalentsofdifferentmeaningsThisisalsoverycommonintranslation.▪cousin:堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹……▪president:总统、主席、总裁、董事长、议长、会长、社长、校长……▪carry:搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、抱、搂、举、端、夹、捧……▪走：walk,saunter,amb
5、le,stride,trudge,shamble,prance,scamper,clump,tiptoe.▪羊：sheep,goat,ram,ewe,lamb1.4Equivalentsinterwovenwithoneanother71.5WordswithoutcorrespondingequivalentsInthiscase,anexplanationisgiveninsteadofanequivalent.▪teenager:13到19岁的青少年▪cyberslacker:利用工作时间在公司上网、做与工作无关的事情的雇员▪阴：yin(inChinesethou
6、ght)thesoftinactivefemaleprincipleorforceintheworld▪阳：yang(inChinesethought)thestrongactivemaleprincipleorforceintheworld2.Methodsofdiscriminatingtheoriginalmeaningofagivenword2.1Accordingtowordformation▪parabiospheric:外生物层的para-(outside),bio-(biologic),spheric(havingtheformofaphere)▪pne
7、umonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis肺尘病，硅酸盐沉着病pneumono(oflung)ultra(beyond)micro(verysmall)scopic(ofviewingorobserving)silico(ofsilicon)volcano(ofvolcano)coni(koni,ofdust)osis(formingthenameofadisease)2.2AccordingtothereferenceInmanycasesthemeaningofapronominalwordm
