the second language acqusition第二语言习得复习资料

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1、1.DefinitionofSecondlanguageacquisition:Itreferstoasystematicstudyofhowonepersonacquiresasecondlanguagesubsequenttohisnativelanguage.Acquisition习得:无意识地学会Learning学习：通过系统学习语法规律等学会2.Interlanguage中介语Selinker(1972)coinedtheterm“interlanguage”torefertothesystematicknowledgeofanL2whichisindependentofbothth

2、eselearners’L1andthetargetlanguage.Thetermhascometobeusedwithdifferentbutrelatedmeanings:(1)torefertotheseriesofinterlockingsystemswhichcharacterizeacquisition.(2)torefertothesystemthatisobservedatasinglestageofdevelopment.(“interlanguage”),and(3)torefertoparticularL1/L2combination(forexample,L1Fren

3、ch/L2Englishv.L1Japanese/L2English).Othertermsthatrefertothesamebasicideaare“approximativesystem”and“transitionalcompetence”.定义：中介语：中介语理论假设第二语言学习者有一个自行创造的独特的语言系统，介乎学习者的母语和目的语之间，并随学习的进展逐渐向目的语靠拢。因为游离于母语和目的语之间，中介语自然包含许多错误。E.g.Ilostmyroad.Ilostmyway.特征：Fossilization（石化现象）:Itreferstothephenomenonthatinco

4、rrectlinguisticfeaturesbecomeapermanentpartofthewayapersonspeaksorwritesalanguage.石化现象是中介语的重要特征E.g.Allstudentsarenothere.不是所有的学生都在这里Noneofthestudentishere.所有的学生都不在这里FossilizationSelinker(1972)notedthatmostL2learnersfailtoreachtarget-languagecompetence.Thatis,theystoplearningwhiletheirinternalizedrul

5、esystemcontainsrulesdifferentfromthoseoftargetsystem.Thisisreferredtoas“fossilization”.Itreflectstheoperationofvariousinternalprocesses.一、ConceptsofSecondlanguageacquisition:1．Objectives:①　Competencevsperformance②　L1vs.L2vs.FL③　Acquisitionvs.learning④　Inputvs.output⑤　Interlanguage中介语⑥　Variability⑦　F

6、ossilization（石化现象）⑧　Languagetransfer迁移2.Competencevs.PerformanceChomsky(1957)madehisfamousdistinguishbetweenCompetenceandPerformanceCompetence:anidealspeaker’sknowledgeofhislanguagesmanifestedinhisabilitytousethelanguage.Sound,form,meaning:Performance:thespecificutterances,includinggrammaticalmistak

7、esandnon-linguisticfeaturessuchashesitations,etc.²CompetenceandperformanceinlanguagelearningWhatisacquiredorlearnedofthetwo?²Inlanguagelearning,whatdoesthedistinctiontellus?(result,process,evaluation)