资源描述:
《电力系统的演化 毕业论文外文翻译》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、外文资料翻译EVOLUTIONOFELECTRICPOWERSYSTEMSThecommercialuseofelectricitybeganinthelate1870swhenarclampswereusedforlighthouseilluminationandstreetlighting.Thefirstcompleteelectricpowersystem(comprisingagenerator,cable,fuse,meter,andloads)wasbuiltbyThomasEdison-the
2、historicPearlStreetStationinNewYorkCitywhichbeganoperationinSeptember1882.Thiswasadcsystemconsistingofasteam-engine-drivendcgeneratorsupplyingpowerto59customerswithinanarearoughly1.5kminradios.Theload,whichconsistedentirelyofincandescentlamps,wassuppliedat1
3、10Vthroughanundergroundcablesystem.Withinafewyearssimilarsystemswereinoperationinmostlargecitiesthroughouttheworld.WiththedevelopmentofmotorsbyFrankSpraguein1884,motorloadswereaddedtosuchsystems.Thiswasthebeginningofwhatwoulddevelopintooneofthelargestindust
4、riesintheworld.Inspiteoftheinitialwidespreaduseofdcsystems,theywerealmostcompletelysupersededbyacsystems.By1886,thelimitationsofdcsystemswerebecomingincreasinglyapparent.Theycoulddeliverpoweronlyashortdistancefromthegenerators.Tokeeptransmissionpowerlosers(
5、RI2)andvoltagedropstoacceptablelevels,voltagelevelshadtobehighforlong-distancepowertransmission.Suchhighvoltageswerenotacceptableforgenerationandconsumptionofpower;therefore,aconvenientmeansforvoltagetransformationbecameanecessity.Thedevelopmentofthetransfo
6、rmationandactransmissionbyL.GaulardandJ.D.GibbsofParis,France,ledtoacelectricpowersystems.GeorgeWestinghousesecuredrightstothesedevelopmentsintheUnitedStates.In1886,WilliamStanley,anassociateofWestinghouse,developedandtestedacommerciallypracticaltransformer
7、andacdistributionsystemfor150lampsatGreatBarrington,Massachusetts.In1889,thefirstactransmissionlineinNorthAmericawasputintooperationinOregonbetweenWillametteFallsand9Portland.Itwasasingle-phaselinetransmittingpowerat4,000Voveradistanceof21km.Withthedevelopm
8、entofpolyphasesystemsbyNikolasTesla,theacsystembecameevenmoreattractive.By1888,Teslaheldseveralpatentsonacmotors,generators,transformers,andtransmissionsystems.Westinghouseboughtthepatentstotheseearlyi