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1、外文资料翻译EVOLUTIONOFELECTRICPOWERSYSTEMSThecommercialuseofelectricitybeganinthelate1870swhenarclampswereusedforlighthouseilluminationandstreetlighting.Thefirstcompleteelectricpowersystem(comprisingagenerator,cable,fuse,meter,andloads)wasbuiltbyThomasEdison-thehistoricPearlStre
2、etStationinNewYorkCitywhichbeganoperationinSeptember1882.Thiswasadcsystemconsistingofasteam-engine-drivendcgeneratorsupplyingpowerto59customerswithinanarearoughly1.5kminradios.Theload,whichconsistedentirelyofincandescentlamps,wassuppliedat110Vthroughanundergroundcablesystem
3、.Withinafewyearssimilarsystemswereinoperationinmostlargecitiesthroughouttheworld.WiththedevelopmentofmotorsbyFrankSpraguein1884,motorloadswereaddedtosuchsystems.Thiswasthebeginningofwhatwoulddevelopintooneofthelargestindustriesintheworld.Inspiteoftheinitialwidespreaduseofdc
4、systems,theywerealmostcompletelysupersededbyacsystems.By1886,thelimitationsofdcsystemswerebecomingincreasinglyapparent.Theycoulddeliverpoweronlyashortdistancefromthegenerators.Tokeeptransmissionpowerlosers(RI2)andvoltagedropstoacceptablelevels,voltagelevelshadtobehighforlon
5、g-distancepowertransmission.Suchhighvoltageswerenotacceptableforgenerationandconsumptionofpower;therefore,aconvenientmeansforvoltagetransformationbecameanecessity.ThedevelopmentofthetransformationandactransmissionbyL.GaulardandJ.D.GibbsofParis,France,ledtoacelectricpowersys
6、tems.GeorgeWestinghousesecuredrightstothesedevelopmentsintheUnitedStates.In1886,WilliamStanley,anassociateofWestinghouse,developedandtestedacommerciallypracticaltransformerandacdistributionsystemfor150lampsatGreatBarrington,Massachusetts.In1889,thefirstactransmissionlineinN
7、orthAmericawasputintooperationinOregonbetweenWillametteFallsand8Portland.Itwasasingle-phaselinetransmittingpowerat4,000Voveradistanceof21km.WiththedevelopmentofpolyphasesystemsbyNikolasTesla,theacsystembecameevenmoreattractive.By1888,Teslaheldseveralpatentsonacmotors,genera
8、tors,transformers,andtransmissionsystems.Westinghouseboughtthepatentstotheseearlyi
